Tag: 300-400

Identification of phenolic compounds in Australian grown dragon fruits by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and determination of their antioxidant potential was written by Chen, Zhicong;Zhong, Biming;Barrow, Colin J.;Dunshea, Frank R.;Suleria, Hafiz A. R.. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Dragon fruit is a popular tropical fruit that has a high phenolic content which are the main contributors to the antioxidant potential and health benefits of dragon fruit pulp and peel waste. Although some phenolic compounds in dragon fruit have previously been reported, a comprehensive anal. of complete phenolic profile of the Australian varieties has not been conducted. Thus, the aim of this study was to extract, identify and quantify phenolics from dragon fruits grown in Australia. Phenolic compounds were extracted from the peels and pulps of white and red dragon fruit. Phenolic content was determined by total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total tannin content (TTC), while antioxidant activities were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results showed that dragon fruit pulp had a higher total phenolic content and stronger antioxidant capacity than peel, while the peel had a higher content of flavonoids and tannins than the pulp. Liquid chromatog. electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for the characterization of phenolic compounds, a total of 80 phenolics including phenolic acids (25), flavonoids (38), lignans (6), stilbene (3) and other polyphenols (8) were characterized in all dragon fruits. High performance liquid chromatog. equipped with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) quantified the phenolic compounds in different portion of dragon fruit and showed that dragon peel had higher concentrations of phenolics than pulp. The results highlighted that both dragon fruit peel and pulp are potential sources of phenolic compounds, with peel in particular being a source of antioxidant phenolics with potential as ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 33171-05-0

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Osteoinductive activity of bisdemethoxycurcumin and its synergistic protective effect with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model was written by Wei, Jin-Xing;Luo, Yi;Xu, Yan;Xiao, Jian-Hui. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Related Products of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by skeletal fragility and microarchitectural deterioration. However, existing conventional drugs exhibit limited efficacy and can elicit severe adverse effects; moreover, and novel stem cell-based therapies have not exhibited sufficient therapeutic efficacy. Our hypothesis is that an appropriate osteogenic inducer may improve their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we found that bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) stimulates the differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) into osteoblasts without inducing cytotoxicity. Here BDMC enhances calcium deposition in hAMSCs, while promoting the expression of early and late markers of osteoblast differentiation, including ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, COL1-α1, osteocalcin, and osteopontin at the transcriptional and translational levels. Mechanistically, BDMC was found to activate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway; whereas AG490 (JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor) inhibited BDMC functioning. Subsequently, we found that the combinatorial therapy of BDMC and hAMSC had a pos. synergistic effect on osteoporotic mouse model induced by bilateral ovariectomy, including inhibiting bone loss and bone resorption and improving bone micro-architecture. Moreover, BDMC inhibited production of the bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, while promoting serum levels of bone formation markers OCN, and procollagen I N-terminal propeptide. BDMC also improved liver and kidney function in osteoporotic mouse model. Collectively, BDMC improved osteoporosis by enhancing hAMSC osteogenesis and exhibited a protective effect on liver and kidney function in an osteoporotic mouse model. Hence, BDMC may serve as an effective adjuvant, and combined therapy with hAMSCs is a promising new approach toward osteoporosis treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Related Products of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Related Products of 33171-05-0

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In Silico and In Vitro Screening of 50 Curcumin Compounds as EGFR and NF-kappaB Inhibitors was written by Saeed, Mohamed E. M.;Yuecer, Ruemeysa;Dawood, Mona;Hegazy, Mohamed-Elamir F.;Drif, Assia;Ooko, Edna;Kadioglu, Onat;Seo, Ean-Jeong;Kamounah, Fadhil S.;Titinchi, Salam J.;Bachmeier, Beatrice;Efferth, Thomas. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Product Details of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The improvement of cancer chemotherapy remains a major challenge, and thus new drugs are urgently required to develop new treatment regimes. Curcumin, a polyphenolic antioxidant derived from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), has undergone extensive preclin. investigations and, thereby, displayed remarkable efficacy in vitro and in vivo against cancer and other disorders. However, pharmacol. limitations of curcumin stimulated the synthesis of numerous novel curcumin analogs, which need to be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. In the present study, we calculated the binding affinities of 50 curcumin derivatives to known cancer-related target proteins of curcumin, i.e., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) by using a mol. docking approach. The binding energies for EGFR were in a range of -12.12 (±0.21) to -7.34 (±0.07) kcal/mol and those for NF-κB ranged from -12.97 (±0.47) to -6.24 (±0.06) kcal/mol, indicating similar binding affinities of the curcumin compounds for both target proteins. The predicted receptor-ligand binding constants for EGFR and curcumin derivatives were in a range of 0.00013 (±0.00006) to 3.45 (±0.10) μM and for NF-kappaB in a range of 0.0004 (±0.0003) to 10.05 (±4.03) microM, indicating that the receptor-ligand binding was more stable for EGFR than for NF-kappaB. Twenty out of 50 curcumin compounds showed binding energies to NF-kappaB smaller than -10 kcal/mol, while curcumin as a lead compound revealed free binding energies of >-10 kcal/mol. Comparable data were obtained for EGFR: 15 out of 50 curcumin compounds were bound to EGFR with free binding energies of <-10 kcal/mol, while the binding affinity of curcumin itself was >-10 kcal/mol. This indicates that the derivatization of curcumin may indeed be a promising strategy to improve targe specificity and to obtain more effective anticancer drug candidates. The in silico results have been exemplarily validated using microscale thermophoresis. The bioactivity has been further investigated by using resazurin cell viability assay, lactate dehydrogenase assay, flow cytometric measurement of reactive oxygen species, and annexin V/propidium iodide assay. In conclusion, mol. docking represents a valuable approach to facilitate and speed up the identification of novel targeted curcumin-based drugs to treat cancer. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Product Details of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 33171-05-0

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The enhanced bioavailability of free curcumin and bioactive-metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin from a dispersible, oleoresin-based turmeric formulation was written by Panda, Sanjib Kumar;Nirvanashetty, Somashekara;Missamma, M.;Jackson-Michel, Shavon. And the article was included in Medicine (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2021.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuminoids have been widely studied for human health and disease applications, yet bioavailability remains a hurdle to actualizing all the benefits ascribed to them. The lack of standardization in anal. method, confusion about what constitutes an ideal analyte, and conflicting thoughts around dosing strategies have made it difficult to draw parity between bioavailability and bioactivity and establish a baseline for formulation comparisons. This randomized double-blinded, 2-way cross over, single oral dose, comparative bioavailability study differentially evaluates curcumin at the time of its absorption and along various biotransformation pathways, to include free curcumin, the readily usable form of curcumin; individual and composite totals of curcumin and its analogs as exogenously cleaved conjugates, for example, total curcumin, total demethoxycurcumin (DMC), total bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and total curcuminoids resp.; and the bioactive metabolite of curcumin, total tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). As a primary study objective, the relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN, a novel dispersible, 50% curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract was compared to the standard curcumin reference product, curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), using the maximum concentration (C_max), and area under the curve (AUC_0-t) of free curcumin, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC and the curcumin active metabolite, as total THC. The evaluation of free curcumin demonstrated that the C_max and AUC_0-t of the CURCUGEN was 16.1 times and 39 times higher than the C_max and AUC_0-t of C-95. Furthermore, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC, and total curcuminoids resulted in AUC_0-t of the CURCUGEN at 49.5-, 43.5-, 46.8-, and 52.5-fold higher than C-95, resp. The relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN for total THC was found to be 31 times higher when compared to C-95. As the first human pharmacokinetics study to apply best-practice recommendations and pharmaceutically-aligned guidance in the comprehensive evaluation of a novel curcuminoids formulation, we have established the novelty of said formulation while better standardizing for the common variances and discrepancies between curcuminoids and their derivatives in the literature and com. marketing, alike. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Investigating the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of Guihuang formula on Chronic Prostatitis was written by Liu, Shengjing;Zhao, Feng;Deng, Yingjun;Zeng, Yin;Yan, Bin;Guo, Jun;Gao, Qinghe. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Computed Properties of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a complex, intractable and prevalent urol. disorder in men with no effective treatment. Guihuang formula (GHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound that is advantageous as a CP treatment, but its etiol. is poorly understood. Research and exploration of the mechanism of GHF will help the development of a potentially valuable drug for CP and provide deeper insight into CP. To examine and further clarify the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of GHF on CP. The chem. components in GHF were identified using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The active components and potential targets of GHF for the treatment of CP were screened and analyzed using network pharmacol. and mol. docking. We constructed a CP rat model to investigate the therapeutic effect of GHF on CP and verify the influence of key targets and core pathways based on the results of network pharmacol. A total of 143 ingredients were identified in GHF using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, and 111 potential targets for GHF of CP were predicted. The “drug-ingredient-target-pathway” network was constructed and in compliance with the “Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi” principle. GHF significantly reduced the prostate index, alleviated histol. damage in the prostate, decreased CD3+ T cells and CD45+ leukocyte infiltration in the prostate, downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, COX-2, MCP-1 and TNF-α, decreased ROS levels and alleviated the production of MDA accompanied by an increase of SOD and GSH-PX levels. Meanwhile, GHF suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, downregulated the mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB and inhibited the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT and P65 NF-κB. A network pharmacol. and exptl. validation-based strategy was used to elucidate the underlying “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” mode of action of GHF against CP. We verified that GHF inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response, suppressed apoptosis in macrophages, inhibited the activation of the inflammation-related PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway in CP rat. These findings extend the conventional views of “one drug hits one target”, and offer novel insights and indication paradigm for the future discovery on the multi-target therapeutic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compound This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Computed Properties of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Computed Properties of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Dietary bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced damages on intestinal redox potential and redox status of broilers was written by Zhang, Jingfei;Han, Hongli;Zhang, Lili;Wang, Tian. And the article was included in Poultry Science in 2021.COA of Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDC) on growth performance, glutathione (GSH) redox potential, antioxidant enzyme defense, and gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. A total of 320, male, 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups including 8 replicates with 10 birds per cage in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: BDC supplementation (a basal diet with 0 or 150 mg/kg BDC) and LPS challenge (i.p. injection of 1 mg/kg body weight saline or LPS at 16, 18, and 20 d of age). Results showed that dietary BDC supplementation prevented the LPS-induced decrease in ADG of broilers (P < 0.05). Compared to the saline-challenged group, LPS-challenged broilers showed higher jejunal and ileal malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation alleviated LPS-induced increases in jejunal 8-OHdG, ileal MDA, and PC contents (P < 0.05). LPS challenge impaired the small intestinal antioxidant system, as evident by the decreases of GSH and total thiol contents, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. On the other hand, LPS challenge also increased GSH redox potential and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation increased jejunal and ileal GSH contents, SOD activities, jejunal GR activity, and ileal GST activity, while it decreased jejunal and ileal redox potential, and jejunal GSSG contents (P < 0.05). Dietary BDC supplementation significantly alleviated the downregulation of mRNA expression levels of jejunal and ileal copper and zinc superoxide dismutase, catalytic subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, and jejunal catalase and GR induced by LPS challenge (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BDC demonstrated favorable protection against LPS-induced small intestinal oxidative damages, as indicated by the improved growth performance, decreased GSH redox potential, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and upregulated antioxidant-related gene expression. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0COA of Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of Yiqi Rougan decoction in reducing CCl₄-induced liver fbrosis in rats was written by Xiong, Yu;Hu, Jinyuan;Xuan, Chen;Tian, Jiayu;Tan, Kaiyue;Chen, Zhiwei;Luo, Yan;Du, Xuqin;Cheng, Junxiong;Zhang, Lanyue;Cao, Wenfu. And the article was included in Chinese Medicine (London, United Kingdom) in 2021.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Liver fibrosis develops from various chronic liver diseases, and there is currently a lack of specific treatment strategies. Yiqi Rougan decoction (YQRG) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has shown durative effects in the treatment of liver fibrosis; however, the mechanism associated with YQRG-related improvements in liver fibrosis remains to be exptl. determined This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of YQRG on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its mol. mechanism. We used low-, medium-, and high-dose YQRG to treat CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis in rats, followed by assessment of liver injury and fibrosis according to liver appearance, body weight, liver mass index, histopathol. examination, and serum testing. Addnl., we performed transcriptome anal. using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technol., including cluster, Gene Ontol. (GO), and pathway analyses, to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and protein and gene expression were detected by immunofluorescence (IFC), western blot and real-time quant. PCR. The results showed that YQRG effectively alleviated CCl₄-induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats, including observations of improved liver function, decreased activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Moreover, we identified downregulated and upregulated DEGs in the model group relative to the control and YQRG-treated groups, with GO anal. revealing their enrichment in biol. processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, pathway anal. showed that YQRG treatment downregulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathways and upregulated other signalling pathways, including those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), with these findings subsequently verified exptl. These findings showed that YQRG improved CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis through multiple mechanisms and pathways, offering critical insight into the YQRG-related therapeutic mechanism and promoting further research into its potential application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The Untargeted Capability of NMR Helps Recognizing Nefarious Adulteration in Natural Products was written by Kim, Seon Beom;Bisson, Jonathan;Friesen, J. Brent;Bucchini, Luca;Gafner, Stefan;Lankin, David C.;Chen, Shao-Nong;Pauli, Guido F.;McAlpine, James B.. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcuma longa (turmeric) has an extensive history of ethnomedical use for common ailments, and “curcumin”-containing dietary supplements (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s self-medication market. Owing to raw material cost pressure, CDS products are affected by economically motivated, nefarious adulteration with synthetic curcumin (“syncumin”), possibly leading to unexpected toxicol. issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chem. anal., this study investigated the botanical integrity of two com. “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clin. cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multisolvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quant. ¹H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chem. fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR spectroscopy identification of significant residual impurities, including potentially toxic components. While the loss-free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chem. components, and also increased the dynamic range of the anal., (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chem. constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent only a fraction of the mass balance of a dietary supplement product. The chem. information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two com. samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, resp., pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clin. effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted anal. principle of the 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level high-field instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of dietary supplements by identifying adulterated, non-natural “natural” products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bisdemethoxycurcumin-conjugated vitamin E TPGS liposomes ameliorate poor bioavailability of free form and evaluation of its analgesic and hypouricemic activity in oxonate-treated rats was written by Wang, Qilong;Liu, Jing;Liu, Jian;Thant, Yaminn;Weng, Wen;Wei, Chunmei;Bao, Rui;Adu-Frimpong, Michael;Yu, Qingtong;Deng, Wenwen;Cao, Xia;Toreniyazov, Elmurat;Ji, Hao;Xu, Ximing;Yu, Jiangnan. And the article was included in Journal of Nanoparticle Research in 2021.Computed Properties of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Recently, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), a constituent of turmeric, has been studied widely in view of their various therapeutic effects, namely anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory. Since ancient times, turmeric has been extensively used as a naturally occurring traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and as a crucial home remedy for treatment of many health problems such as inflammation and pain. However, the action of anti-gouty arthritis and analgesic activity of its constituents, especially BDMC, have not been scientifically reported yet. Despite the various bioactivities of BDMC, its utilization in clinics has been restricted owing to poor solubility and bioavailability. This research aimed at enhancing oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic of BDMC via liposome formulation which was modified with D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS or vitamin E TPGS) and was characterized using various parameters both in vitro and in vivo. Also, the analgesic and anti-gouty activities of BDMC-loaded TPGS-modified liposomes were investigated by assessing pain threshold and serum uric acid level in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. As the result, BDMC-loaded TPGS-modified liposomes were formulated successfully with optimal physiochem. properties such as 75.98 ± 5.46 nm (particle size), 0.246 ±0.011 (polydispersity index), – 38.21 ± 0.29 mV (zeta potential), 96.98 ± 0.17 (encapsulation efficiency (EE%)), and 4.84 ± 0.0089 (drug loading capacity (DL%)). Moreover, the oral bioavailability of liposomized BDMC was approx. 10-fold greater than free BDMC in vivo and in vitro cumulative release rates in pH 1.2 (78%) and pH 7 (68%) resp. This significantly improved the sustaining drug effect of BDMC compared with free form. In addition, BDMC-TPGS liposome acted as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor to evidently reduce uric acid level in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats and remarkably increase pain threshold capacity and reaction time in hot plate test at a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, BDMC-conjugated TPGS liposome could act as favorable nanocarriers against gouty arthritis and intense pain with prospect of overcoming the limitation of BDMC application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Computed Properties of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Computed Properties of C19H16O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Curcumae rhizoma and its major constituents against hepatobiliary disease: Pharmacotherapeutic properties and potential clinical applications was written by Gao, Tian-Hui;Liao, Wan;Lin, Li-Ting;Zhu, Zong-Ping;Lu, Mei-Gui;Fu, Chao-Mei;Xie, Tian. And the article was included in Phytomedicine in 2022.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hepatobiliary disease currently serves as an urgent health issue in public due to health-modulating factors such as extension of life expectancy, increasingly sedentary lifestyles and over-nutrition. A definite treatment remains lacking owing to different stages of the disease itself and its intricate pathogenesis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been gradually popularized in clinic with the satisfactory efficacy and good safety. Curcumae Rhizoma (called E Zhu, EZ in Chinese) is a representative herb, which has been used to treat hepatobiliary disease for thousands of years. To systematically summarize the recent research advances on the pharmacol. activities of EZ and its constituents, explain the underlying mechanisms of preventing and treating hepatobiliary diseases, and assess the shortcomings of existing work. Besides, ethnopharmacol., phytochems., and toxicol. of EZ have been researched. The information about EZ was collected from various sources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, ACS, SCOPUS, CNKI, CSTJ, and WANFANG using keywords given below and terms like pharmacol. and phytochem. details of this plant. The chem. constituents isolated and identified from EZ, such as terpenoids including β-elemene, furanodiene, germacrone, etc. and curcuminoids including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, etc. prove to have hepatoprotective effect, anti-liver fibrotic effect, anti-fatty liver effect, anti-liver neoplastic effect, and cholagogic effect through TGF-β1/Smad, JNK1/2-ROS, NF-κB and other anti-inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways. Also, EZ is often combined with other Chinese herbs in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases with good clin. efficacy and no obvious adverse reactions. It provides a preclin. basis for the efficacy of EZ as an effective therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. Even so, the further studies still needed to alleviate hepatotoxicity and expand clin. application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem