Tag: 300-400

Potential therapeutic effect of turmeric contents against SARS-CoV-2 compared with experimental COVID-19 therapies: in silico study was written by Emirik, Mustafa. And the article was included in Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics in 2022.COA of Formula: C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Inspired by the ‘There is no scientific evidence that turmeric prevents COVID-19’ statement made by WHO, the protective or therapeutic potential of the compounds in turmeric contents was investigated against COVID-19 with in silico methodol. The drugs used for exptl. COVID-19 therapies were included in this study using the same method for comparison with turmeric components. The 30 turmeric compounds and nine drugs were performed in the docking procedure for vital proteins of COVID-19. With evaluations based on docking scores, the Prime MMGBSA binding free energy and protein-ligand interactions were identified in detail. The 100 ns MD simulations were also performed to assess the stability of the ligands at the binding site of the target proteins. The Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) is used to obtain the average displacement for a particular frame concerning a reference frame. The results of this study are suggesting that turmeric spice have a potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins and can be use a therapeutic or protective agent against SARS-CoV-2 via inhibiting key protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The compound 4, 23 and 6 are the most prominent inhibitor for the main protease, the spike glycoprotein and RNA polymerase of virus, resp. The MD simulation validated the stability of ligand-protein interactions. The compactness of the complexes was shown using a radius of gyration. ADME properties of featured compounds are in range of 95% drug mols. It is hoped that the outputs of this study will contribute to the struggle of humanity with COVID-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0COA of Formula: C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C19H16O4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bisdemethoxycurcumin attenuates OVA-induced food allergy by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways was written by Wang, Yanjie;Zhang, Ping;Zhang, Jingyu;Hong, Tie. And the article was included in Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine in 2022.Synthetic Route of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is an important ingredient derived from turmeric in addition to curcumin. It has been reported that BDMC can be used to treat mast cell-mediated allergic diseases. In the present study, a food allergy (FA) murine model sensitized by i.p. injection followed by oral challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) was established. BDMC was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg for 11 days in the challenge phase to treat OVA-induced FA mice. FA symptoms such as diarrhea score, anaphylactic symptom score and rectal temperature were recorded. Intestinal tissue was also observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, other allergic indicators were also analyzed by ELISA and western blot anal. The present study demonstrated that BDMC could suppress the decreases in rectal temperature, diarrhea and anaphylactic symptoms in FA mice. BDMC could also ameliorate the inflammation of intestinal tissues in FA mice. BDMC not only decreased the production of OVA-specific Ig (OVA-sIg)E, IgG1, histamine, mouse mast cell protease-1, diamine oxidase, cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) but increased cytokines interferon-γ production The protein expression results showed that the levels of Gata-3 were decreased but T-bet levels were increased. Furthermore, compared with the OVA group, phosphorylated (p)-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-NF-κBp65 levels were decreased and p-IκBα level was increased. In conclusion, the results showed that BDMC possessed a protective effect on FA. Furthermore, BDMC was able to regulate the T-helper cells (Th)1/Th2 immune balance and inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in FA mice. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Synthetic Route of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C19H16O4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Descriptive analysis of dietary (poly)phenol intake in the subcohort MAX from DCH-NG: “Diet, Cancer and Health-Next Generations cohort” was written by Lanuza, Fabian;Zamora-Ros, Raul;Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha Linn;Tjoenneland, Anne;Landberg, Rikard;Halkjaer, Jytte;Andres-Lacueva, Cristina. And the article was included in European Journal of Nutrition.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

(Poly)phenols are bioactive compounds widely distributed in plant-based foods. Currently, limited data exist on the intake distribution of (poly)phenols across meals. This study aimed to estimate dietary intakes of all individual (poly)phenols and total intake per class and subclass by meal event, and to identify their main food sources in the subcohort MAX from the Diet, Cancer and Health-Next Generations cohort (DCH-NG). Dietary data were collected using three web-based 24-h dietary recalls over 1 yr. In total, 676 participants completed at least one recall. The dietary data were linked to Phenol-Explorer database using standardized procedures and an inhouse software. We categorized foods/drinks into five options of meal events selected by the participant: ′Breakfast′, Lunch, Evening, Snack, and Drink. Adjusted total (poly)phenols mean intake by meal was the highest in the drink event (563 mg/day in men and 423 mg/day in women) and the lowest in the evening event (146 mg/day in men and 137 mg/day in women). The main overall (poly)phenol class contributor was phenolic acids (55.7-79.0%), except for evening and snack events where it was flavonoids (45.5-60%). The most consumed (poly)phenol subclasses were hydroxycinnamic acids and proanthocyanidins. Nonalcoholic beverages (coffee accounted for 66.4%), cocoa products, and cereals were the main food sources of total (poly)phenols. Conclusion: This study provides data on the variability in the intake of classes and subclasses of (poly)phenols and their main food sources by meal event according to lifestyle data, age, and gender in a Danish population. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C19H16O4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Superior Bioavailability of a Novel Curcumin Formulation in Healthy Humans Under Fasting Conditions was written by Kothaplly, Sudhakar;Alukapally, Shankar;Nagula, Nagaraju;Maddela, Rambabu. And the article was included in Advances in Therapy in 2022.Electric Literature of C19H16O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Despite its broad range of biol. activities, use of curcumin is limited because of poor bioavailability. Here we report a novel curcumin formulation, Curcuwin Ultra+ (CU+), with superior bioavailability as compared to 95% turmeric extract (TUR 1800). A randomized, double-blind, three-treatment, crossover oral bioavailability study was conducted in 24 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. Subjects received a single dose of CU+ 250 mg, 500 mg and 1900 mg of TUR1800 as per randomization schedule and blood samples were collected at 4 h and 0 h before dosing, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h post dose. Total curcuminoids were measured as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and tetrahydrocurcumin using a validated LC-MS/MS method. CU+ achieved a significantly higher (p < 0.05) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and total systemic exposure (AUC0-6 and AUC0-12) for total curcuminoids as compared to TUR 1800. We observed 101 and 100 times higher Cmax resp. for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg of TUR1800. Similarly, AUC0-6 was 144 and 149 times higher whereas AUC0-12 was 99 and 113 times higher resp. for 250 and 500 mg doses of CU+ as compared to 1900 mg dose of TUR1800. Further, CU+ showed 40% faster absorption (p < 0.05). No safety issues were observed CU+, which is designed for increased absorption and protection of curcuminoids from intestinal degradation, demonstrated superior bioavailability as compared to TUR1800 at considerably smaller doses. Addnl. clin. studies will help to demonstrate the impact of its increased bioavailability on efficacy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Electric Literature of C19H16O4).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Electric Literature of C19H16O4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Experimental evidence and mechanism of action of some popular neuro-nutraceutical herbs was written by Kumar, Ashish;Konar, Arpita;Garg, Sukant;Kaul, Sunil C.;Wadhwa, Renu. And the article was included in Neurochemistry International in 2021.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Brain and neuronal circuits constitute the most complex organ networks in human body. They not only control and coordinate functions of all other organs, but also represent one of the most-affected systems with stress, lifestyle and age. With global increase in aging populations, these neuropathologies have emerged as major concern for maintaining quality of life. Recent era has witnessed a surge in nutritional remediation of brain dysfunctions primarily by “nutraceuticals” that refer to functional foods and supplements with pharmacol. potential. Specific dietary patterns with a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and micronutrients have also been ascertained to promote brain health. Dietary herbs and their phytochems. with wide range of biol. and pharmacol. activities and minimal adverse effects have gained remarkable attention as neuro-nutraceuticals. Neuro-nutraceutical potentials of herbs are often expressed as effects on cognitive response, circadian rhythm, neuromodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that are mediated by effects on gene expression, epigenetics, protein synthesis along with their turnover and metabolic pathways. Epidemiol. and exptl. evidence have implicated enormous applications of herbal supplementation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The present review highlights the identification, exptl. evidence and applications of some herbs including Bacopa monniera, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Helicteres angustifolia, Undaria pinnatifida, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Vitis vinifera, as neuro-nutraceuticals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 33171-05-0

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based extraction: A greener route for extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa was written by Patil, Sujata S.;Pathak, Ajay;Rathod, Virendra K.. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2021.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new extraction medium is a step towards the development of green and sustainable technol. In the present study, nine DESs based on choline chloride acids, alcs., and sugar were screened to study the extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. Choline chloride and lactic acid DES at 1:1 M ratio gave the maximum extent of extraction Further, DES based extraction was intensified using ultrasound. The impact of various process parameters such as% (volume/volume) water in DES,% (w/v) solid loading, particle size, ultrasound power intensity, and pulse mode operation of ultrasound was studied. The maximum curcuminoids yield of 77.13 mg/g was achieved using ultrasound assisted DES (UA-DES) based extraction in 20% water content DES at 5% solid loading and 0.355 mm particle size with 70.8 W/cm² power intensity and 60% (6 s ON and 4 s OFF) duty cycle at 30 ± 2°C in 20 min of irradiation time. Kinetics of UA-DES extraction was explained using Peleg’s model and concluded that it is compatible with the exptl. data. Addnl., anti-solvent (water) precipitation technique was applied, which resulted in 41.97% recovery of curcuminoids with 82.22% purity from UA-DES extract in 8 h of incubation at 0°C. The comparison was made between conventional Soxhlet, batch, DES and UA-DES based processes on the basis of yield, time, solvent requirement, temperature, energy consumption, and process cost. The developed UA-DES based extraction can be an efficient, cost effective, and green alternative to conventional solvent extraction for curcuminoids. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Interaction of bisdemethoxycurcumin with cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium) + nonionic (Tween 20/Tween 60) mixed surfactants: Thermodynamic study and functional improvement was written by Wang, Lu;Liu, YingLin;Weng, Tianxin;Li, Xinyu;Wu, Yushu;Zhao, Yanna;Liu, Jie;Liu, Min. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics in 2022.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), one of the main curcuminoids, has numerous biol. activities. However, the low solubility and stability of BDMC limit its application. In this work, in order to improve the solubility and stability of BDMC, we encapsulated BDMC using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed surfactants. The molar ratio of CTAB to Tween 20/Tween 60 was optimized by response surface anal. The thermodn. parameters (binding constant, enthalpy change, entropy change and Gibbs free energy change) for the interaction of BDMC with CTAB + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed micelles were obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Pos. enthalpy change and entropy change indicated that hydrophobic interaction was the main driving force. Moreover, due to the longer alkyl chains of Tween 60, the encapsulation of BDMC by CTAB + Tween 60 mixed micelles was stronger. The encapsulation of BDMC in the hydrophobic alkyl chains by the mixed micelles was determined by fluorescence polarization technol., time-resolved fluorescence assay, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Solubilization and stability experiments showed that the solubility of BDMC was improved and the alk. hydrolysis of BDMC was inhibited due to the encapsulation of the mixed micelles. The improvement of the solubility and stability of BDMC was more obvious in CTAB + Tween 60 mixed micelles because of the stronger interaction between them. The above results indicated that CTAB + Tween 20/Tween 60 mixed micelles could be used to encapsulate BDMC to improve its solubility and stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Low-surfactant microemulsion, a smart strategy intended for curcumin oral delivery was written by Dourado, Douglas;Oliveira, Matheus Cardoso de;Araujo, Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de;Amaral-Machado, Lucas;Porto, Dayanne Lopes;Aragao, Cicero Flavio Soares;Alencar, Everton do Nascimento;Egito, Eryvaldo Socrates Tabosa do. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2022.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to develop a low surfactant concentration curcumin-loaded microemulsion (Curc-ME) having a gastrointestinal pH resistance, intended to prospect its oral use for further curcumin release. The effect of excipients on the apparent solubility of curcumin was assessed and a pseudo ternary phase diagram was designed to produce a low-surfactant microemulsion (ME) system. Curcumin was incorporated into the ME (Curc-ME), and the system was further physicochem. and phys. characterized. The entrapment efficiency (EE) was determined by UHPLC. The systems′ stability under storage, and its stability and curcumin release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGIF) were evaluated. The excipients of the ME improved curcumin′s apparent solubility Curc-ME, stabilized with 15% of surfactants, displayed spherical droplets (sized of 21.81 ± 0.20 nm), polydispersity index of 0.07 ± 0.01, viscosity of 5.33 x 10-3 ± 0.01 Pa.s, conductivity of 160 ± 3 μS cm-1, surface tension of 40.37 ± 0.48 dynes/cm and EE of 98 ± 0.73%. Thermal analyses confirmed curcumin entrapment in the core of the system. The system remained stable over 90 days under storage and under SGIF conditions. Curc-ME revealed a modified and complex kinetics release of curcumin in the SGIF. Overall, the results demonstrate that Curc-ME increased the solubility of curcumin, was produced with a remarkable low surfactant concentration, and showed stability and modified curcumin release at the gastrointestinal tract pHs. Therefore, Curc-ME revealed to be a promising candidate to be further explored as a therapeutic agent. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

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Curcuminoids Inhibit Angiogenic Behaviors of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Endoglin/Smad1 Signaling was written by Chou, Yi-Fan;Lan, Yu-Hsuan;Hsiao, Jun-Han;Chen, Chiao-Yun;Chou, Pei-Yu;Sheu, Ming-Jyh. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Angiogenesis is primarily attributed to the excessive proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is therefore significant in anti-angiogenic therapy. Although these treatments have not reached clin. expectations, the upregulation of alternative angiogenic pathways (endoglin/Smad1) may play a critical role in drug (VEGF-neutralizing agents) resistance. Enhanced endoglin expression following a VEGF-neutralizing therapy (semaxanib) was noted in patients. Treatment with an endoglin-targeting antibody augmented VEGF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Therefore, approaches that inhibit both the androgen and VEGF pathways enhance the HUVECs cytotoxicity and reverse semaxanib resistance. The purpose of this study was to find natural-occurring compounds that inhibited the endoglin-targeting pathway. Curcuminoids targeting endoglin were recognized from two thousand compounds in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan (TCM Database@Taiwan) using Discovery Studio 4.5. Our results, obtained using cytotoxicity, migration/invasion, and flow cytometry assays, showed that curcumin (Cur) and demethoxycurcumin (DMC) reduced angiogenesis. In addition, Cur and DMC downregulated endoglin/pSmad1 phosphorylation. The study first showed that Cur and DMC demonstrated antiangiogenic activity via the inhibition of endoglin/Smad1 signaling. Synergistic effects of curcuminoids (i.e., curcumin and DMC) and semaxanib on HUVECs were found. This might be attributed to endoglin/pSmad1 downregulation in HUVECs. Combination treatment with curcuminoids and a semaxanib is therefore expected to reverse semaxanib resistance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: Bisdemethoxycurcumin

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Curcumin activates G protein-coupled receptor 97 (GPR97) in a manner different from glucocorticoid was written by Harada, Naoki;Arahori, Yumi;Okuyama, Mai;Luis, Paula B.;Joseph, Akil I.;Kitakaze, Tomoya;Goshima, Naoki;Schneider, Claus;Inui, Hiroshi;Yamaji, Ryoichi. And the article was included in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications in 2022.Reference of 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcumin is a yellow pigment in turmeric (Curcuma longa) with various physiol. effects in the body. To elucidate the mol. mechanisms by which bioactive compounds exert their function, identification of their mol. targets is crucial. In this study, we show that curcumin activates G protein-coupled receptor 97 (GPR97). Curcumin dose-dependently activated serum-response element-, but not serum-response factor-response element-, nuclear factor of activated T-cell-response element-, or cAMP-response element-, mediated transcription in cells overexpressed with GPR97. The structure-activity relationship indicated that (i) the double-bonds of the central 7-carbon chain were essential for activation; (ii) a methoxy group on the aromatic ring was required for maximal activity; (iii) the addition of glucuronic acid moiety or a methoxy group to the aromatic ring, but not the methylation of the aromatic p-hydroxy group, eliminated the activity; (iv) the stability of curcumin would be related to receptor activation. Both mutant GPR97(T250A) lacking the cleavage at GPCR proteolysis site and mutant GPR97(ΔN) lacking the N-terminal extracellular region were activated by curcumin and its related compounds similar to wild-type GPR97. In contrast, the synthetic glucocorticoid beclomethasone dipropionate and L-Phe activated wild-type GPR97 and GPR97(T250A), but not GPR97(ΔN). Moreover, curcumin exerted an additive effect on the activation of wild-type GPR97 with beclomethasone dipropionate, but not with L-Phe. Taken together, these results indicate that curcumin activates GPR97 coupled to Gi/Go subunit, and suggest that curcumin and glucocorticoid activate GPR97 in a different manner. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0Reference of 33171-05-0).

Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 33171-05-0

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem