Tag: 100-200

Kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid by TPCC in aqueous aceticacid medium was written by Palaniappan, An.;Udhayakumar, R.;Srinivasan, S.;Raju, C.. And the article was included in Chemica Sinica in 2012.Application of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of oxidation of phenoxyacetic acid and several para- and meta-substituted phenoxyacetic acids by tetrakis(pyridine) cobalt(II) chromate (TPCC) in the presence of HClO₄ was studied in aqueous acetic acid medium. The reaction shows unit order dependence each with respect to oxidant and substrate. The order with respect to hydrogen ion concentration is one. The rate of oxidation increases with increase in the percentage of acetic acid and increase in ionic strength has negligible effect on the rate. The addition of Al³⁺ had a noticeable catalytic effect on the reaction rate. In general, the electron releasing substituent accelerates the rate while electron attracting substituent retards the rate of reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The bifunctional alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, adhE, is necessary for ethanol production in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum was written by Lo, Jonathan;Zheng, Tianyong;Hon, Shuen;Olson, Daniel G.;Lynda, Lee R.. And the article was included in Journal of Bacteriology in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum and Clostridium thermocellum are anaerobic thermophilic bacteria being investigated for their ability to produce biofuels from plant biomass. The bifunctional alc. and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, adhE, is present in these bacteria and has been known to be important for ethanol formation in other anaerobic alc. producers. This study explores the inactivation of the adhE gene in C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. Deletion of adhE reduced ethanol production by >95% in both T. saccharolyticum and C. thermocellum, confirming that adhE is necessary for ethanol formation in both organisms. In both adhE deletion strains, fermentation products shifted from ethanol to lactate production and resulted in lower cell d. and longer time to reach maximal cell d. In T. saccharolyticum, the adhE deletion strain lost>85% of alc. dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity did not appear to be affected, although ALDH activity was low in cell extracts Adding ubiquinone-0 to the ALDH assay increased activity in the T. saccharolyticum parent strain but did not increase activity in the adhE deletion strain, suggesting that ALDH activity was inhibited. In C. thermocellum, the adhE deletion strain lost>90% of ALDH and ADH activity in cell extracts The C. thermocellum adhE deletion strain contained a point mutation in the lactate dehydrogenase gene, which appears to deregulate its activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, leading to constitutive activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Sequence data have been deposited at NCBI/EMBL/DDBJ with accession numbers SRX744220 and SRX744221. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bioinspired o-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones was written by Baek, Jisun;Si, Tengda;Kim, Hun Young;Oh, Kyungsoo. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

A biomimetic alc. dehydrogenase (ADH)-like oxidation protocol was developed using an ortho-naphthoquinone (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-dione) catalyst in the presence of a catalytic amount of base. The developed organocatalytic aerobic oxidation of alcs., e.g., 4-chlorobenzyl alc. protocol proceeds through the intramol. 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of naphthalene alkoxide intermediates, a mechanistically distinctive feature from the previous alc. dehydrogenase mimics that require metals in the active form of catalysts. The ADH-like aerobic oxidation protocol should provide green alternatives to the existing stoichiometric and metal-catalyzed alc. oxidation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5HPLC of Formula: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.HPLC of Formula: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Combined lignin defunctionalisation and synthesis gas formation by acceptorless dehydrogenative decarbonylation was written by Zhang, Zhenlei;Zijlstra, Douwe S.;Lahive, Ciaran W.;Deuss, Peter. J.. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

The valorization of lignin, consisting of various phenylpropanoids building blocks, is hampered by its highly functionalized nature. The absence of the 绾?carbinol group in an unnatural C2 灏?O-4 motif compared to the native lignin C3 灏?O-4 motif provides great opportunities for developing new valorization routes. Thus efficient defunctionalisation approaches that transform the C3 灏?O-4 motif into a simplified C2 灏?O-4 motif are of interest. Based on a study with a series of model compounds, we established a feasible application of an iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative decarbonylation method to efficiently remove the 绾?carbinol group in a single step. This defunctionalisation generates valuable synthesis gas, which can be collected as a reaction product. By this direct catalytic transformation, a yield of ~70% could be achieved for a C3 灏?O-4 model compound that was protected from undergoing retro-aldol cleavage by alkoxylation of the benzylic secondary alc. in the 浼?position. A phenylcoumaran model compound containing a 绾?carbinol group as well as a benzylic primary alc. also proved to be reactive under dehydrogenative decarbonylation conditions, which can further contribute to the reduction of the structural complexity of lignin. Notably, the liberation of synthesis gas was confirmed and the signals for the defunctionalized C2 灏?O-4 motif were observed when this dehydrogenative decarbonylation approach was applied on organosolv lignins. This selective defunctionalized lignin in conjunction with the formation of synthesis gas has the potential to enhance the development of profitable and sustainable biorefineries. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3SDS of cas: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.SDS of cas: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Bicyclo[n.1.0]alkanes by a Cobalt-Catalyzed Multiple C(sp³)-H Activation Strategy was written by Zhang, Zhuo-Zhuo;Han, Ye-Qiang;Zhan, Bei-Bei;Wang, Sai;Shi, Bing-Feng. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.COA of Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

A Co-catalyzed dual C(sp³)-H activation strategy was developed and it provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. A key to the success of this reaction is the conformation-induced methylene C(sp³)-H activation of the resulting cobaltabicyclo[4.n.1] intermediate. The synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane from pivalamide, by a triple C(sp³)-H activation, also was demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7COA of Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.COA of Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of heavy metal residues in mechanical pulp on color reversion was written by Park, Je-Seung;Yoon, Byung-Ho. And the article was included in Palpu, Chongi Gisul in 1995.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The amount of heavy metal, i.e., Cu, Fe, or Mn, removed by the chelating agent used in the pretreatment for H₂O₂ bleaching was investigated, and the effect of heavy metal and lignin (I) model added to bleached thermomech. pulp (BTMP) and filter paper followed by photoirradiation on discoloration was examined Treatment with DTPA showed the most efficient chelating effect among 3 chelating agents, i.e., EDTA, DTPA, and STPP, which were added to unbleached TMP. Much of the Fe remained after chelation, but Mn was easily removed. The heavy metal added artificially to BTMP showed a decrease of brightness with increasing irradiation time. The formation of a complex between I and Fe conspicuously decreased brightness. The successive doping of Fe and 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde among combinations of heavy metals and I models added artificially to BTMP showed a remarkable drop in brightness. This was caused by the easy formation of a complex between the heavy metal and I having neighboring OH groups. When the heavy metal and I model were artificially, resp. or together, added to filter paper, even filter paper treated with only Fe decreased in brightness. This was caused by the oxidation of cellulose itself and the formation of a little complex between the heavy metal and cellulose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Indoles from 2-methylnitrobenzenes by condensation with formamide acetals followed by reduction: 4-benzyloxyindole (1H-indole, 4-(phenylmethoxy)-) was written by Batcho, Andrew D.;Leimgruber, Willy. And the article was included in Organic Syntheses in 1985.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Indoles, substituted in the benzene ring, were prepared by reductive cyclization of nitrocinnamylamines. Thus, 2-methyl-3-nitrophenol was O-benzylated and treated with Me₂NCH(OMe)₂ and pyrrolidine to give a mixture of 2,6-O₂N(PhCH₂O)C₆H₃CH:CHR (R = pyrrolidino, NMe₂), which was treated with N₂H₄-Raney Ni to give the indole I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tuning the Reactivity of Micellar Nanoreactors by Precise Adjustments of the Amphiphile and Substrate Hydrophobicity was written by Tevet, Shahar;Wagle, Shreyas S.;Slor, Gadi;Amir, Roey J.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.SDS of cas: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Polymeric assemblies, such as micelles, are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to serve as nanoreactors for the execution of organic reactions in aqueous media. The ability to conduct organic transformations, which have been traditionally limited to organic media, in water is essential for the further development of important fields ranging from green catalysis to bioorthogonal chem. Considering the recent progress that has been made to expand the range of organometallic reactions conducted using nanoreactors, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the hydrophobicity of both the core of micellar nanoreactors and the substrates on the reaction rates in water. Toward this goal, we designed a set of five metal-loaded micelles composed of polyethylene glycol-dendron amphiphiles and studied their ability to serve as nanoreactors for a palladium-mediated depropargylation reaction of four substrates with different log P values. Using dendrons as the hydrophobic block, we could precisely tune the lipophilicity of the nanoreactors, which allowed us to reveal linear correlations between the rate constants and the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles (estimated by the dendron’s cLog P). While exponential dependence was obtained for the lipophilicity of the substrates, a similar degree of rate acceleration was observed due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles regardless of the effect of the substrate’s log P. Our results demonstrate that while increasing the hydrophobicity of the substrates may be used to accelerate reaction rates, tuning the hydrophobicity of the micellar nanoreactors can serve as a vital tool for further optimization of the reactivity and selectivity of nanoreactors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3SDS of cas: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties was written by Liu, Jimin;Li, Yunfeng;Liu, Shan;Zhang, Yi;Luo, Yuan;Yang, Yang;Zhuang, Xiaomei;Wang, Xuanzhi;Zhao, Baoquan;Xu, Tao;Xu, Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2022.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles (NPs) with 閳ョ灚tealth閳?properties have been designed to decrease the phagocytosis of such particles by mononuclear phagocytes and to protect them from enzymic degradation, thus improving circulation time and bioavailability after i.v. administration. Brain-targeting modifications endow NPs with the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, facilitating chemotherapy for brain diseases such as glioma. In this study, newly designed alkoxy cyanoacrylate (CA)-based NPs with stealth and brain-targeting properties were synthesized and evaluated. The monomers for NP core polymerization were chem. modified to hydrophilic short alkoxy structure for stealth purposes and coated with polysorbate-80 for brain targeting. Two monomers (2-methoxyethyl CA and 2-(2-methoxyethyl)ethyl CA) were used to create NP₂ and NP₃, resp. Both NPs were successfully loaded with anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASON) of transforming growth factor beta 2. Compared to traditional Bu CA-based ASON-NP₁, ASON-NP₃ was found to decrease phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) and to increase cellular uptake by cancer cells. ASON-NP3 showed definite brain targeting and anti-cancer effects. This work provides a potential new strategy for preparing stealth NPs core, providing a new NP vehicle for clin. drug delivery that may be targeted to the brain and circulates in the blood for an extended period of time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles catalyzed indole synthesis in water via aerobic alcohol oxidation was written by Ohtaka, Atsushi;Kozono, Mao;Takahashi, Kazuhiro;Hamasaka, Go;Uozumi, Yasuhiro;Shinagawa, Tsutomu;Shimomura, Osamu;Nomura, Ryoki. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 2016.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The one-pot synthesis of indoles in water by aerobic alc. oxidation and subsequent cyclization was achieved using linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst. The catalyst can be reused although a slight increase in particle size was observed by TEM of the recovered catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem