Tag: 100-200

Nickel-Catalyzed Reaction of Thioisatins and Alkynes: A Facile Synthesis of Thiochromones was written by Inami, Tasuku;Kurahashi, Takuya;Matsubara, Seijiro. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

A new synthetic method for thiochromones was developed by using nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative cycloaddition of readily available thioisatins with alkynes. This reaction proceeded under very mild conditions and has quite high functional group compatibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Directed Evolution of a Cp*Rh^III-Linked Biohybrid Catalyst Based on a Screening Platform with Affinity Purification was written by Kato, Shunsuke;Onoda, Akira;Taniguchi, Naomasa;Schwaneberg, Ulrich;Hayashi, Takashi. And the article was included in ChemBioChem in 2021.Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

Directed evolution of Cp*Rh^III-linked nitrobindin (NB), a biohybrid catalyst, was performed based on an in vitro screening approach. A key aspect of this effort was the establishment of a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform that involves an affinity purification step employing a starch-agarose resin for a maltose binding protein (MBP) tag. The HTS platform enables efficient preparation of the purified MBP-tagged biohybrid catalysts in a 96-well format and eliminates background influence of the host E. coli cells. Three rounds of directed evolution and screening of more than 4000 clones yielded a Cp*Rh^III-linked NB(T98H/L100K/K127E) variant with a 4.9-fold enhanced activity for the cycloaddition of acetophenone oximes with alkynes. It is confirmed that this HTS platform for directed evolution provides an efficient strategy for generating highly active biohybrid catalysts incorporating a synthetic metal cofactor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Safety of 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-Functional Selectivity Relationship Studies on A-86929 Analogs and Small Aryl Fragments toward the Discovery of Biased Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonists was written by Li, Haoxi;Mirabel, Rosa;Zimmerman, Joseph;Ghiviriga, Ion;Phidd, Darian K.;Horenstein, Nicole;Urs, Nikhil M.. And the article was included in ACS Chemical Neuroscience in 2022.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

Dopamine regulates normal functions such as movement, reinforcement learning, and cognition, and its dysfunction has been implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurol. disorders. Dopamine acts through D1- (D1R and D5R) and D2-class (D2R, D3R, and D4R) receptors and activates both G protein- and 閻?arrestin-dependent signaling pathways. Current dopamine receptor-based therapies are used to ameliorate motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease or as antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. These drugs show efficacy for ameliorating only some symptoms caused by dopamine dysfunction and are plagued by debilitating side effects. Studies in primates and rodents have shown that shifting the balance of dopamine receptor signaling toward the arrestin pathway can be beneficial for inducing normal movement, while reducing motor side effects such as dyskinesias, and can be efficacious at enhancing cognitive function compared to balanced agonists. Several structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have embarked on discovering 閻?arrestin-biased dopamine agonists, focused on D2 partial agonists, noncatechol D1 agonists, and mixed D1/D2R dopamine receptor agonists. Here, we describe an SAR study to identify novel D1R 閻?arrestin-biased ligands using A-86929, a high-affinity D1R catechol agonist, as a core scaffold to identify chem. motifs responsible for 閻?arrestin-biased activity at both D1 and D2Rs. Most of the A-86929 analogs screened were G protein-biased, but none of them were exclusively arrestin-biased. Addnl., various small-fragment mol. probes displayed weak bias toward the 閻?arrestin pathway. Continued in-depth SFSR (structure-functional selectivity relationship) studies informed by structure determination, mol. modeling, and mutagenesis studies will facilitate the discovery of potent and efficacious arrestin-biased dopamine receptor ligands. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Allylations of aryl/heteroaryl ketones: neat, clean and sustainable. Applications to targets in the pharma- and nutraceutical industries was written by Li, Xiaohan;Wood, Alex B.;Lee, Nicholas R.;Gallou, Fabrice;Lipshutz, Bruce H.. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones bearing an 濞?methine proton could be deprotonated and mono-allylated in minutes in the complete absence of an organic solvent to arrive at the corresponding allylated ketone products in high isolated yields. Applications to synthetic targets including both compounds I [n = 6, 8], as well as coenzyme II, utilizing this new technol. were documented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of N-methoxy benzamides with alkynes using an internal oxidant through C-H/N-O bond activation was written by Sivakumar, Ganesan;Vijeta, Arjun;Jeganmohan, Masilamani. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Reference of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The cyclization of substituted N-methoxy benzamides with alkynes in the presence of an easily affordable cobalt complex and NaOAc provided isoquinolone derivatives, e.g., I in good to excellent yields. The cyclization reaction was compatible with a range of functional group-substituted benzamides, as well as ester- and alc.-substituted alkynes. The cobalt complex [Co^IIICp*(OR)₂] (R = Me or Ac) served as an efficient catalyst for the cyclization reaction. Later, isoquinolone derivatives were converted into 1-chloro and 1-bromo substituted isoquinoline derivatives in excellent yields in the presence of POCl₃ or PBr₃. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Reference of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design and modelling of a photo-electrochemical transduction system based on solubilized photosynthetic reaction centres was written by Milano, F.;Ciriaco, F.;Trotta, M.;Chirizzi, D.;De Leo, V.;Agostiano, A.;Valli, L.;Giotta, L.;Guascito, M. R.. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is a membrane spanning protein that, upon illumination, promotes the reduction of a ubiquinone mol. withdrawing electrons from cytochrome c₂. This photo-activated reaction was often exploited, in suitably designed photoelectrochem. cells, to generate photocurrents sustained by the reduction at the working electrode of the photooxidized electron donor or by the oxidation of the electron acceptor. The authors have explored in more detail the factors affecting the photocurrent generation in com. available screen-printed electrochem. cells containing an electrolyte solution where RC proteins and suitable mediators are solubilized. In particular, the role of the applied potential and the influence of concentration and structure of acceptor and donor mols. were assessed. Efficient generation of cathodic photocurrents in a three electrode configuration occurs at an applied potential of 0.0 V vs. quasi-reference Ag (the open circuit potential of the system measured in the dark) in presence of ferrocenemethanol and decylubiquinone, which proved to guarantee high performances as electron donor and acceptor, resp. Also, the authors employed a set of differential equations, describing reaction and diffusion processes, for modeling with high accuracy the chronoamperometry profiles recorded at variable RC concentrations This model allowed the authors to estimate the kinetic parameters relevant to the chem. and electrochem. reactions triggered by light and to get a snapshot of the electrolyte composition in the bulk and electrode surroundings at different times from the light exposure. The characteristic time course of the photocurrent, showing a fast rise to a peak value followed by a slower decay, was therefore explained as the result of the strict interconnection between the dynamical processes involved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ濠囨煃閵夛箑鐤?linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111闁?and C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Modeling hydrogen solubility in alcohols using machine learning models and equations of state was written by Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza;Hadavimoghaddam, Fahimeh;Atashrouz, Saeid;Abedi, Ali;Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein;Mohaddespour, Ahmad. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Knowledge of hydrogen (H₂) solubility in alcs. is important for designing and performing various processes in chem. plants. Accurate predictions of H₂ solubility in alcs. can affect the quality and applications of pharmaceuticals, perfume, cosmetics, flavor, and many others. In this work, deep echo state network (DeepESN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), extreme learning machine (ELM), and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as four advanced machine learning models were utilized for predicting the H₂ solubility in alcs. To this end, a complete set of H₂ solubility data (673 exptl. data points) for 26 different alcs. or alc.-containing solvents is gathered over a wide range of operating pressure (0.101-110.3 MPa) and temperature (213.15-524.9 K). The XGBoost model was obtained as the best model for estimation H₂ solubility in alcs. based on graphical and statistical analyses having a root mean square error of 0.0022 and coefficient of determination of 0.9946. Four well-known equations of state (EOSs) were also utilized to estimate H₂ solubility in alcs., among which Redlich-Kwong EOS had the best performance. However, the accuracy of machine learning models was much higher than the EOSs. Based on sensitivity anal., pressure, temperature, and mol. weight of alcs. have the highest impact on the solubility of H₂ in alcs., resp. Eventually, the Leverage approach was utilized to recognize the applicability domain of the XGBoost model and probable outlier data, the results of which show that this model has high credit for estimating the solubility of H2 in alcs. The outcome of this study can help to design the hydrogenation process in chem. plants, and the XGBoost model can act as an efficient predictor for predicting H2 solubility in alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ濠囨煃閵夛箑鐤?linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111闁?and C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.HPLC of Formula: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Two-step synthesis of 2-(9-hydroxynonyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone was written by Wang, Jin;Hu, Xiao;Yang, Jian. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2014.SDS of cas: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

2-(9-Hydroxynonyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone was readily synthesized from com. available 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene in two steps. First, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (coenzyme Q₀) was obtained in one step by treatment of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene with hydrogen peroxide under metal-free conditions, followed by free-radical alkylation with 10-hydroxydecanoic acid in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate in a mixed solvent (MeCN-H₂O, 1:1) to afford the title compound in good yields (60%, based on coenzyme Q₀). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7SDS of cas: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Potato tuber cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes: Biochemical properties, activity, and expression during tuber dormancy progression was written by Suttle, Jeffrey C.;Huckle, Linda L.;Lu, Shunwen;Knauber, Donna C.. And the article was included in Journal of Plant Physiology in 2014.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

The enzymic and biochem. properties of the proteins encoded by five potato cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX)-like genes functionally expressed in yeast and the effects of tuber dormancy progression on StCKX expression and cytokinin metabolism were examined in lateral buds isolated from field-grown tubers. All five putative StCKX genes encoded proteins with in vitro CKX activity. All five enzymes were maximally active at neutral to slightly alk. pH with 2,6-dichloro-indophenol as the electron acceptor. In silico analyses indicated that four proteins were likely secreted. Substrate dependence of two of the most active enzymes varied; one exhibiting greater activity with isopentenyl-type cytokinins while the other was maximally active with cis-zeatin as a substrate. [³H]-isopentenyl-adenosine was readily metabolized by excised tuber buds to adenine/adenosine demonstrating that CKX was active in planta. There was no change in apparent in planta CKX activity during either natural or chem. forced dormancy progression. Similarly although expression of individual StCKX genes varied modestly during tuber dormancy, there was no clear correlation between StCKX gene expression and tuber dormancy status. Thus although CKX gene expression and enzyme activity are present in potato tuber buds throughout dormancy, they do not appear to play a significant role in the regulation of cytokinin content during tuber dormancy progression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photosynthetic Bioelectronic Sensors for Touch Perception, UV-Detection, and Nanopower Generation: Toward Self-Powered E-Skins was written by Ravi, Sai Kishore;Wu, Tingfeng;Udayagiri, Vishnu Saran;Vu, Xuan Minh;Wang, Yanan;Jones, Michael R.;Tan, Swee Ching. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Energy self-sufficiency is an inspirational design feature of biol. systems that fulfills sensory functions. Plants such as the “touch-me-not” and “Venus flytrap” not only sustain life by photosynthesis, but also execute specialized sensory responses to touch. Photosynthesis enables these organisms to sustainably harvest and expend energy, powering their sensory abilities. Photosynthesis therefore provides a promising model for self-powered sensory devices like electronic skins (e-skins). While the natural sensory abilities of human skin have been emulated in man-made materials for advanced prosthetics and soft-robotics, no previous e-skin has incorporated phototransduction and photosensory functions that could extend the sensory abilities of human skin. A proof-of-concept bioelectronic device integrated with natural photosynthetic pigment-proteins is presented that shows the ability to sense not only touch stimuli (down to 3000 Pa), but also low-intensity UV radiation (down to 0.01 mW cm^-2) and generate an elec. power of 闂?60 nW cm^-2. The scalability of this device is demonstrated through the fabrication of flexible, multipixel, bioelectronic sensors capable of touch registration and tracking. The polysensory abilities, energy self-sufficiency, and addnl. nanopower generation exhibited by this bioelectronic system make it particularly promising for applications like smart e-skins and wearable sensors, where the photogenerated power can enable remote data transmission. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem