Ethers-buliding-blocks

Nonvolatile and nonflammable sulfolane-based electrolyte achieving effective and safe operation of the Li-O₂ battery in open O₂ environment was written by Li, Zhengang;Song, Cun;Dai, Peng;Wu, Xiaohong;Zhou, Shiyuan;Qiao, Yu;Huang, Ling;Sun, Shi-Gang. And the article was included in Nano Letters in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The Li-O₂ battery should operate effectively/safely in an open O₂ environment for practical applications, but not trapped in sealed/closed atm. However, the typical use of volatile and flammable electrolyte restricts Li-O₂ battery to be able to be running in open O₂ environment. We report herein, for the first time, a highly electrochem. reversible Li-O₂ battery operated in an open O₂ environment, i.e., under the condition of keeping O₂ flowing continuously based on a nonvolatile and nonflammable sulfolane (TMS) solvent. The electrochem. irreversibility of Li₂O₂/O₂ conversion and incompatibility between Li metal anodes and electrolyte have been addressed via dissolving LiNO₃ in concentrated TMS electrolyte. The tuned electrolyte not only enables a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with conformal inorganic components (including LiF, LiN_xO_y, and Li₂O) that promotes a uniform Li electro-plating/stripping process but also results in a low charge overpotential, a stable discharge terminal plateau, and reversible O₂ generation of the Li-O₂ battery conducted in an open O₂ environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Guided in Situ Polymerization of MEH-PPV in Mesoporous Titania Photoanodes was written by Minar, Norma K.;Docampo, Pablo;Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina;Bein, Thomas. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

Incorporation of conjugated polymers into porous metal oxide networks is a challenging task, which is being pursued via many different approaches. We have developed the guided in situ polymerization of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) in porous titania films by means of surface functionalization. The controlled polymerization via the Gilch route was induced by an alkoxide base and by increasing the temperature The selected and specially designed surface-functionalizing linker mols. mimic the monomer or its activated form, resp. In this way, we drastically enhanced the amount of MEH-PPV incorporated into the porous titania phase compared to nonfunctionalized samples by a factor of 6. Addnl., photovoltaic measurements were performed. The devices show shunting or series resistance limitations, depending on the surface functionalization prior to in situ polymerization of MEH-PPV. We suggest that the reason for this behavior can be found in the orientation of the grown polymer chains with respect to the titania surface. Therefore, the geometry of the anchoring via the linker mols. is relevant for exploiting the full electronic potential of the conjugated polymer in the resulting hybrid composite. This observation will help to design future synthesis methods for new hybrid materials from conjugated polymers and n-type semiconductors to take full advantage of favorable electronic interactions between the two phases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Aza-crown-ether functionalized graphene oxide for gas sensing and cation trapping applications was written by Valt, M.;Fabbri, B.;Gaiardo, A.;Gherardi, S.;Casotti, D.;Cruciani, G.;Pepponi, G.;Vanzetti, L.;Iacob, E.;Malagu, C.;Bellutti, P.;Guidi, V.. And the article was included in Materials Research Express in 2019.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Graphene oxide has been functionalized with 1-aza-15-crown-5 ether via chem. route synthesis. Modification of graphene oxide was achieved via nucleophilic attack where the amine groups of an aza-crown ether mol. can easily react with the epoxy sites of graphene oxide basal plane. Owing to the inherent two-dimensional character of graphene oxide, it resulted in large specific-surface material with strong affinity for charged chem. species. Such property was exploited for reversible and controlled interaction of adsorbed species, envisaging two possible applications of the functionalized graphene oxide. Thus, an easy-to-fabricate and high-sensitivity functionalized graphene oxide-based gas sensor was achieved. The sensing material proved to be highly stable and capable of selectively detecting humidity at room temperature over a wide range of concentrations Moreover, the porous scaffold built by the functionalization, together with the well-known affinity of crown ethers to metal ions, allow the use of aza-crown ether functionalized graphene oxide for cation trapping application, e.g. pre-concentration of trace amount of metals or filter for water. Remarkable results in this field have been obtained with respect to some heavy-metal cations of environmental interest. We also demonstrated significant enhancement in performance vs. pure graphene oxide in both tested applications. More generally, the functionalization approach we pursued appears to be quite flexible in the tested applications. In fact, with an appropriate selection of crown ethers with specific cage-like structure, functionalized graphene oxide allows the capture of any desired guest in order to prepare a wide range of other crown-ether-GO nanocomposites for different applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Facile synthesis of N-1,2,4-oxadiazole substituted sulfoximines from N-cyano sulfoximines was written by M. L., Chenna Reddy;Nawaz Khan, Fazlur Rahman;Saravanan, Vadivelu. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2019.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A divergent approach has been successfully developed for synthesis of N-1,2,4-oxadiazole substituted sulfoximines starting from N-cyano sulfoximines. This method has a wide degree of substrate scope that includes aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, fluoroalkyl and saturated heterocyclic compounds Excellent functional group tolerability was also observed Extension of this methodol. to nucleosides, amino acids and dipeptides was found to be successful. A gram scale reaction was also established. The major part of this method is metal free and the utility of environmentally friendly solvents such as 2-Me THF and ionic liquids is an added advantage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Name: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A New Benzoquinone from Antrodia camphorata was written by Chen, C. Y.;Wang, J. J.;Kao, C. L.;Li, H. T.;Wu, M. D.;Cheng, M. J.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Natural Compounds in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

A new benzoquinone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (1), along with 11 known compounds including three benzoquinones, 2-methoxy-6-methyl-p-benzoquinone (2), 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-pbenzoquinone (3), and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-methyl-p-benzoquinone (4); three lignans, 4-hydroxysesamin (5), (+)-sesamin (6), and aptosimon (7); five benzenoids, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (8), benzocamphorin A (9), benzocamphorin D (10), 2,2閳?5,5閳?tetramethoxy-3,4,3閳?4閳?bi-methylenedioxy-6,6閳?dimethylbiphenyl (11), and 4,7-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole (12), were isolated from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata (Polyporaceae). These compounds were characterized and identified by phys. and spectral evidences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Utiziling a copper-free Sonogashira reaction in the synthesis of the leukotriene a4 hydrolase modulator batatasin IV was written by Petruncio, Greg;Girgis, Michael;Moummi, Sanae;Jayatilake, Meth;Lee, Kyung Hyeon;Paige, Mikell. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Synthetic Route of C8H8O3 This article mentions the following:

Batatasin IV is a dihydrostilbenoid isolated from Chinese yams which was shown to have inhibitory activities against plant growth. Later studies showed that this compound may exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the epoxide hydrolase activity of the leukotriene A₄ hydrolase enzyme. To access the dihydrostilbenoid skeleton, a copper-free SPhos-mediated Sonogashira reaction was conceived and the substrate scope was explored. Our results indicate that the reaction can tolerate the presence of free alcs., aldehydes, nitro groups, and anilinyl groups. However, a substituent with an acidic phenol or carboxylic acid group gave significantly lower yields. Next, a total synthesis of batatasin IV was accomplished in 16% overall yield incorporating the reported copper-free Sonogashira reaction. Finally, we show that batatasin IV inhibits the hydrolysis of alanine p-nitroanilide by leukotriene A₄ hydrolase with an IC₅₀ of 91.4娓璏. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Synthetic Route of C8H8O3).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Synthetic Route of C8H8O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Facile Synthesis of Single Iron Atoms over MoS₂ Nanosheets via Spontaneous Reduction for Highly Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols was written by Li, Zhijun;Li, Honghong;Yang, Zening;Lu, Xiaowen;Ji, Siqi;Zhang, Mingyang;Horton, J. Hugh;Ding, Honghe;Xu, Qian;Zhu, Junfa;Yu, Jin. And the article was included in Small in 2022.Formula: C8H10O2 This article mentions the following:

The facile creation of high-performance single-atom catalysts (SACs) is intriguing in heterogeneous catalysis, especially on 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. An efficient spontaneous reduction approach to access atomically dispersed iron atoms supported over defect-containing MoS₂ nanosheets is herein reported. Advanced characterization methods demonstrate that the isolated iron atoms situate atop of molybdenum atoms and coordinate with three neighboring sulfur atoms. This Fe SAC delivers exceptional catalytic efficiency (1 atm O₂ @ 120鎺? in the selective oxidation of benzyl alc. to benzaldehyde, with 99% selectivity under almost 100% conversion. The turnover frequency is calculated to be as high as 2105 h^-1. Moreover, it shows admirable recyclability, storage stability, and substrate tolerance. D. functional theory calculations reveal that the high catalytic activity stems from the optimized electronic structure of single iron atoms over the MoS2 support. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Formula: C8H10O2).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Formula: C8H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Blue-light Induced Iron-Catalyzed 浼?Alkylation of Ketones was written by Abdallah, Marie-Samira;Joly, Nicolas;Gaillard, Sylvain;Poater, Albert;Renaud, Jean-Luc. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A visible-light induced iron-catalyzed 浼?alkylation of ketones was reported. The photocatalytic system was based on the single diaminocyclopentadienone iron tricarbonyl complex. Two catalytic intermediates of this complex were able to harvest light allowing the synthesis of substituted aromatic and aliphatic ketones such as RC(O)CH₂CH₂R¹ [R = t-Bu, 4-MeC₆H₄, 2-furyl, etc.; R¹ = Ph, 2-thienyl, 4-BrC₆H₄, etc.] at room temperature using the borrowing hydrogen strategy in the presence of various substituted primary alcs. as alkylating reagents. Preliminary mechanistic studies unveiled the role of light for both the dehydrogenation and reduction step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective synthesis and cytotoxicities of camptothecin derivatives modified at the 7-, 10- and 20-positions was written by Pan, Xian-Dao;Han, Rui;Sun, Piao-Yang. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of 7-acyloxymethylcamptothecin and 20-O-acyl-7-acyloxymethylcamptothecin derivatives were regioselectively prepared on different solvents. 7-Acyloxymethylcamptothecins possess more efficacy than 20-O-acyl-7-acyloxymethylcamptothecins against six human cancer cell lines in vitro. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Structure-activity relationships of macrolides against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was written by Zhu, Zhaohai J.;Krasnykh, Olga;Pan, Dahua;Petukhova, Valentina;Yu, Gengli;Liu, Yinghui;Liu, Huiwen;Hong, Saweon;Wang, Yuehong;Wan, Baojie;Liang, Wenzhong;Franzblau, Scott G.. And the article was included in Tuberculosis (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2008.Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane This article mentions the following:

Existing 14, 15 and 16-membered macrolide antibiotics, while effective for other bacterial infections, including some mycobacteria, have not demonstrated significant efficacy in tuberculosis. Therefore an attempt was made to optimize this class for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis through semisyntheses and bioassay. Approx. 300 macrolides were synthesized and screened for anti-TB activity. Structural modifications on erythromycin were carried out at positions 3, 6, 9, 11, and 12 of the 14-membered lactone ring; as well as at position 4″ of cladinose and position 2′ of desosamine. In general, the synthesized macrolides belong to four subclasses: 9-oxime, 11,12-carbamate, 11,12-carbazate, and 6-O-substituted derivatives Selected compounds were assessed for mammalian cell toxicity and in some cases were further assessed for CYP3A4 inhibition, microsome stability, in vivo tolerance and efficacy. The activity of 11,12-carbamates and carbazates as well as 9-oximes is highly influenced by the nature of the substitution at these positions. For hydrophilic macrolides, lipophilic substitution may result in enhanced potency, presumably by enhanced passive permeation through the cell envelope. This strategy, however, has limitations. Removal of the C-3 cladinose generally reduces the activity. Acetylation at C-2′ or 4″ maintains potency of C-9 oximes but dramatically decreases that of 11,12-substituted compounds Further significant increases in the potency of macrolides for M. tuberculosis may require a strategy for the concurrent reduction of ribosome methylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem