Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Alkoxy cyanoacrylate-based nanoparticles with stealth and brain-targeting properties was written by Liu, Jimin;Li, Yunfeng;Liu, Shan;Zhang, Yi;Luo, Yuan;Yang, Yang;Zhuang, Xiaomei;Wang, Xuanzhi;Zhao, Baoquan;Xu, Tao;Xu, Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2022.Application of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticles (NPs) with 閳ョ灚tealth閳?properties have been designed to decrease the phagocytosis of such particles by mononuclear phagocytes and to protect them from enzymic degradation, thus improving circulation time and bioavailability after i.v. administration. Brain-targeting modifications endow NPs with the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, facilitating chemotherapy for brain diseases such as glioma. In this study, newly designed alkoxy cyanoacrylate (CA)-based NPs with stealth and brain-targeting properties were synthesized and evaluated. The monomers for NP core polymerization were chem. modified to hydrophilic short alkoxy structure for stealth purposes and coated with polysorbate-80 for brain targeting. Two monomers (2-methoxyethyl CA and 2-(2-methoxyethyl)ethyl CA) were used to create NP₂ and NP₃, resp. Both NPs were successfully loaded with anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASON) of transforming growth factor beta 2. Compared to traditional Bu CA-based ASON-NP₁, ASON-NP₃ was found to decrease phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages (RAW264.7) and to increase cellular uptake by cancer cells. ASON-NP3 showed definite brain targeting and anti-cancer effects. This work provides a potential new strategy for preparing stealth NPs core, providing a new NP vehicle for clin. drug delivery that may be targeted to the brain and circulates in the blood for an extended period of time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles catalyzed indole synthesis in water via aerobic alcohol oxidation was written by Ohtaka, Atsushi;Kozono, Mao;Takahashi, Kazuhiro;Hamasaka, Go;Uozumi, Yasuhiro;Shinagawa, Tsutomu;Shimomura, Osamu;Nomura, Ryoki. And the article was included in Chemistry Letters in 2016.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The one-pot synthesis of indoles in water by aerobic alc. oxidation and subsequent cyclization was achieved using linear polystyrene-stabilized Pt nanoparticles as a catalyst. The catalyst can be reused although a slight increase in particle size was observed by TEM of the recovered catalyst. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermodynamic, Ultrasonic, and Transport Study of Binary Mixtures Containing 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol and Alcohols at (293.15-323.15) K was written by Belhadj, Djazia;Bahadur, Indra;Negadi, Amina;Munoz-Rujas, Natalia;Montero, Eduardo;Negadi, Latifa. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Binary mixtures of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol and alcs. were characterized in terms of the existence of intermol. interactions at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K and at pressure p = 0.1 MPa. The alcs. were methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, and butan-2-ol. The study was based on the measurements of densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indexes over the entire range of mixture compositions The obtained data were used to calculate various thermodn./deviation properties: excess molar volume, isentropic compressibility, deviation in isentropic compressibility, and deviation in refractive indexes. Excess/deviation properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation to estimate the coefficients The standard deviation of the fit was calculated between the predicted and the exptl. quantities to ensure the accuracy of the exptl. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Constituents from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata was written by Tong, Zong-Bo;Cui, Xu-Hong;Wang, Jie;Zhang, Cun-Li;Zhang, Yan-Yan;Ren, Zhan-Jun. And the article was included in Natural Product Research in 2017.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

A. camphorata is a rare and precious traditional food and medicine for improving health-related conditions in Taiwan. The phytochem. research of the mushroom led to the isolation of a new naphthalenecarboxaldehyde, named as 1-naphthalenecarboxaldehyde,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl (1). Meanwhile, 7 other known compounds, nerolidol (2), cadinol (3), herbarulide (4), 3灏?hydroxy-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (5), ergosta-7,22-diene-3,6-dione (6) 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (7) and 灏?sitosterol (8), were also obtained from A. camphorata for the 1st time except compound 8. The new compound was elucidated by 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMBC, HSQC, NOESY) and HRMS, while the known compounds were deduced by comparing ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR data with the literature. HepG2 cell toxicity screening was conducted and the results demonstrated that only compounds 7 and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells at a concentration of 50 娓璯/mL. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of TEG-Substituted 4-(N-Methyl-N-Boc-amino)styrylpyridine as Key Precursor for Monodentate and Multidentate Imaging Agents for A灏?Plaques was written by Li, Zhi;Liu, Bo;Duan, Wubiao;Zhu, Lin. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

Triethylene glycol (TEG)-substituted 4-(N-methyl-N-Boc-amino)styrylpyridine, which can serve as key precursor for many monodentate and multidentate imaging agents for A灏?plaques in the human brain, has been readily synthesized with cheap starting materials. Our new method could be employed for mass production of monodentate imaging agent AV-45 (I) and other multidentate imaging agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Isothermal Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Absorption Working Pairs (R1234ze(E) + NMP and R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG) at Temperatures from 293.15 to 353.15 K was written by Ye, Gongran;Fang, Yibo;Li, Yalun;Guo, Zhikai;Wang, Lin;Han, Xiaohong. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:

The absorption refrigeration system (ARS) was important for energy saving, which can be driven by low-grade energy. In this work, the mixtures of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze(E)) + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and R1234ze(E) + triethylene glycol di-Me ether (DMETrEG) were considered as the promising new working fluids for ARS. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG and R1234ze(E) + NMP binary mixtures were measured using a liquid-recirculation apparatus from 293.15 to 353.15 K. The VLE data were correlated by the five-parameter non-random two-liquid activity coefficient model, and the correlated results showed a good agreement with the exptl. VLE data. The average absolute relative deviation and maximum absolute relative deviation of the pressure were 1.70 and 5.11% for R1234ze(E) + NMP and 1.30 and 3.22% for R1234ze(E) + DMETrEG, resp. The two binary mixtures exhibited pos. deviations from Raoult’s law. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cytotoxic activity of alkaloids extracted from Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer cell line was written by Al-Sallami, Alaauldeen S. M.;Al-Labban, Zuhair Salih;Ali, Sanaa Mohemmed. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research in 2019.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

The present study was investigated to Screening for cytotoxic activity of total alkaloid extracts of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) against breast cancer cell line Ahmed-Mohammed-Nahi,2003 (AMN-3), AMJ-13 and normal cell line Rat Embryo Fibroblast (REF). The Trigonella foenum powders were extracted sep. with 80% Ethanol and total alkaloids separated at pH 2 and 10 with HCl and ammonia. Total alkaloids were detected qual. by Mayer閳ョ灚, Hager閳ョ灚, and Dragendorff閳ョ灚 reagents. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by crystal violet assay. The results show that The extract of Trigonella foenum graecum had total alkaloid in extract about 1.7% resulting from getting 4.4 g of dry alkaloid extract from 252 g of dry powder of Trigonella foenum – graecum. The alkaloids reduced the cell viability of all cell lines AMN-3,AMJ-13 and REF, and the inhibitory concentration 50% of cells were 1029 娓璯/mL, 1069 娓璯/mL and 1724 娓璯/mL for AMN-3, AMJ13 and REF resp. Trigonella foenum alkaloids showed variable cytotoxic activity against cancer and normal cell lines depending on the alkaloid concentrations and cell line types. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Computed Properties of C12H17NO2).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Computed Properties of C12H17NO2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Oxidative modification of the cell wall in tomato plants exposed to ozone was written by Wiese, Cosima B.;Pell, Eva J.. And the article was included in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris, France) in 2003.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

The goal of this research was to define the role of the cell wall in plant exposure to the atm. pollutant ozone (O₃). To determine if cell wall components are sensitive to oxidation, cell walls were isolated from tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Roma) and exposed to O₃ or pure oxygen. O₃ reduced the a wall-bound benzaldehyde isomer in extractive-free cell wall material thought to have limited enzymic activity. To determine if this oxidative modification also occurred in vivo, tomato plants were exposed to O₃ or filtered air, and the buffer soluble and alk. hydrolyzed (wall-bound) phenolic compounds were analyzed. Exposure to O₃ decreased the quantity of the wall-bound benzaldehyde isomer within 2-3 h of exposure, with a return to control levels by 5 h of exposure. Quantity of the benzaldehyde isomer in the control samples was unchanged throughout the experiment A glycoside of 5-hydroxyvanillic acid was detected in the buffer soluble fraction of O₃-treated samples at 3 h of exposure. Control and O₃-treated samples harvested at 5 h of exposure did not contain this compound Results show that cell wall phenolic compounds are sensitive to oxidative modification by plant exposure to O₃. A model illustrates the proposed signaling mechanism involving oxidative breakdown products from the cell wall as elicitor mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis of Arylglyoxylic Acids and Their Collision-Induced Dissociation was written by Wadhwa, Kuldeep;Yang, Chengxi;West, Paul R.;Deming, Kris C.;Chemburkar, Sanjay R.;Reddy, Rajarathnam E.. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2008.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

A variety of substituted arylglyoxylic acids (2a-g) were synthesized via oxidation of the corresponding aryl Me ketones (1a-e) using selenium dioxide or Friedel-Crafts acylation of phenol (3) with Et chlorooxoacetate and further transformations. It was found that the arylglyoxylic acids (2) undergo facile unimol. dissociation with loss of carbon monoxide to give the corresponding arylcarboxylic acids (7) under collisionally induced mass spectrometric conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

1-Aza-15-Crown-5 Functionalized Graphene Oxide for 2D Graphene-Based Li⁺-ion Conductor was written by Banerjee, Moutusi;Gupta, Abhisek;Saha, Shyamal K.;Chakravorty, Dipankar. And the article was included in Small in 2015.Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

Attachment of Li⁺ ion on graphene surface to realize Li⁺-ion conductor is a real challenge because of the weak interaction between the ions and the functional groups of graphene oxide; although, a large number of theor. results are already available in the literature. To overcome this problem, graphene oxide is functionalized by 1-aza-15-crown-5, the cage-like structure containing four oxygens that can bind Li⁺ ion through electrostatic interaction. Li⁺ migration on graphene surface has been investigated using ac relaxation mechanism. Perfect Debye-type relaxation behavior with 灏?(relaxation exponent) value 閳?1 resulting from single ion is observed The activation energy of Li⁺ migration arising due to cation-锜?interaction is found to be 0.37 eV, which agrees well with recently reported theor. value. It is believed that this study will help to design isolated ion conductors for Li⁺-ion battery. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem