Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Natural Gas Residual Fluids: Sources, Endpoints, and Organic Chemical Composition after Centralized Waste Treatment in Pennsylvania was written by Getzinger, Gordon J.;O’Connor, Megan P.;Hoelzer, Kathrin;Drollette, Brian D.;Karatum, Osman;Deshusses, Marc A.;Ferguson, P. Lee;Elsner, Martin;Plata, Desiree L.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

Volumes of natural gas extraction-derived wastewaters have increased sharply over the past decade, but the ultimate fate of those waste streams is poorly characterized. We sought to (a) quantify natural gas residual fluid sources and endpoints to bound the scope of potential waste stream impacts and (b) describe the organic pollutants discharged to surface waters following treatment, a route of likely ecol. exposure. Our findings indicate that centralized waste treatment facilities (CWTF) received 9.5% (8.5 鑴?10⁸ L) of natural gas residual fluids in 2013, with some facilities discharging all effluent to surface waters. In dry months, discharged water volumes were on the order of the receiving body flows for some plants, indicating that surface waters can become waste-dominated in summer. As disclosed organics used in high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) vary greatly in physicochem. properties, we deployed a suite of anal. techniques to characterize CWTF effluents, covering 90.5% of disclosed compounds Results revealed that, of 閳?000 disclosed organics used in HVHF, only petroleum distillates and alc. polyethoxylates were present. Few analytes targeted by regulatory agencies (e.g., benzene or toluene) were observed, highlighting the need for expanded and improved monitoring efforts at CWTFs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Recommanded Product: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arenes containing azacrown ether substituents at the lower rim as potential polytopic receptors was written by Alekseeva, E. A.;Basok, S. S.;Mazepa, A. V.;Luk’yanenko, A. P.;Snurnikova, O. V.;Gren, A. I.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2013.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

A series of disubstituted p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenes with N-methoxycarbonylmonoazacrown ether and N-ethoxymonoazacrown ether residues at the lower rim has been prepared via the reaction of di(carboxymethoxy)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with azacrown ethers and subsequent reduction of the resulting amide derivatives Using UV titration and ¹H NMR spectroscopy we have demonstrated the ability of the calixarene with two N-carbonylmonoaza-18-crown-6-ether substituents to form the 1:3 complexes with K⁺ and Na⁺ and the 1:2 complexes with Cs⁺, Sr²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺. The calixarene with two fragments of N-ethoxymonoaza-18-crown ether has formed binuclear complexes with alkali metals cations and mononuclear complexes with transition metals cations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers feature bent C閳ユ彊閳ユ弲 linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111鎺?and C閳ユ彊 distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C閳ユ彊 bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Microwave-Assisted Cross-Coupling and Hydrogenation Chemistry by Using Heterogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysts: An Evaluation of the Role of Selective Catalyst Heating was written by Irfan, Muhammed;Fuchs, Michael;Glasnov, Toma N.;Kappe, C. Oliver. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2009.Formula: C15H14O3 This article mentions the following:

The concept of specific microwave effects in solid/liquid catalytic processes resulting from the selective heating of a microwave-absorbing heterogeneous transition-metal catalyst by using 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation was evaluated. As model transformations Ni/C-, Cu/C-, Pd/C-, and Pd/Al₂O₃-catalyzed carbon-carbon/carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings and hydrogenation reactions were studied. To probe the existence of specific microwave effects by selective catalyst heating in these transformations, control experiments comparing microwave dielec. heating and conventional thermal heating at the same reaction temperature were performed. Although the supported metal catalysts were exptl. found to be strongly microwave absorbing, for all chem. examples studied herein no differences in reaction rate or selectivity between microwave and conventional heating experiments under carefully controlled conditions were observed This was true also for reactions that use low-absorbing or microwave transparent solvents, and was independent of the microwave absorptivity of the catalyst support material. In the case of hydrogenation reactions, the stirring speed is a critical factor on the mass transfer between gas and liquid phase, influencing the rate of the hydrogenation in both microwave and conventionally heated experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Formula: C15H14O3).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C15H14O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effect of heavy metal residues in mechanical pulp on color reversion was written by Park, Je-Seung;Yoon, Byung-Ho. And the article was included in Palpu, Chongi Gisul in 1995.COA of Formula: C11H16O3 This article mentions the following:

The amount of heavy metal, i.e., Cu, Fe, or Mn, removed by the chelating agent used in the pretreatment for H₂O₂ bleaching was investigated, and the effect of heavy metal and lignin (I) model added to bleached thermomech. pulp (BTMP) and filter paper followed by photoirradiation on discoloration was examined Treatment with DTPA showed the most efficient chelating effect among 3 chelating agents, i.e., EDTA, DTPA, and STPP, which were added to unbleached TMP. Much of the Fe remained after chelation, but Mn was easily removed. The heavy metal added artificially to BTMP showed a decrease of brightness with increasing irradiation time. The formation of a complex between I and Fe conspicuously decreased brightness. The successive doping of Fe and 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde among combinations of heavy metals and I models added artificially to BTMP showed a remarkable drop in brightness. This was caused by the easy formation of a complex between the heavy metal and I having neighboring OH groups. When the heavy metal and I model were artificially, resp. or together, added to filter paper, even filter paper treated with only Fe decreased in brightness. This was caused by the oxidation of cellulose itself and the formation of a little complex between the heavy metal and cellulose. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3COA of Formula: C11H16O3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.COA of Formula: C11H16O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Crystal structure of bis[4′-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13- azacyclopentadecan-13-yl)-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine]cobalt(III) tris(perchlorate) methanol monosolvate monohydrate was written by Ohmagari, Hitomi;Nakaya, Manabu;Ohtani, Ryo;Nakamura, Masaaki;Hayami, Shinya. And the article was included in Acta Crystallographica, Section E: Crystallographic Communications in 2015.Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

In the title compound, [Co(C₂₅H₃₀N₄O₄)₂](ClO₄)₃璺疌H₃OH璺疕₂O, the metal atom is coordinated by two tridentate crown ether terpyridine ligands, forming a distorted CoN₆ octahedron. The three pyridine rings in each crown-terpyridine ligand are approx. coplanar [maximum deviations = 0.088 (12) and 0.102 (15) 鑴淽 and the mean planes through the three pyridine rings are perpendicular to each other, making a dihedral angle of 89.95 (17)鎺? An intramol. C-H璺矾璺熀 interaction is observed between the two terpyridine ligands. In the crystal, O-H璺矾璺疧 and C-H璺矾璺疧 hydrogen bonds, a 锜?锜?stacking interaction [centroid-centroid distance = 3.923 (7) 鑴淽 and a C-H璺矾璺熀 interaction connect the complex cation, the perchlorate anions and the two types of solvent mols., forming a three-dimensional network. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective iodination of aromatic compounds with potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium perchlorate was written by Albadi, Jalal;Abedini, Masoumeh;Iravani, Nasir. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2012.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A simple and efficient method for the selective iodination of various aromatic compounds by using potassium iodide in the presence of benzyltriphenylphosphonium perchlorate, is reported. This method provides several advantages such as good selectivity between ortho and para positions of aromatic compounds and high yields of the products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2SDS of cas: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Indoles from 2-methylnitrobenzenes by condensation with formamide acetals followed by reduction: 4-benzyloxyindole (1H-indole, 4-(phenylmethoxy)-) was written by Batcho, Andrew D.;Leimgruber, Willy. And the article was included in Organic Syntheses in 1985.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

Indoles, substituted in the benzene ring, were prepared by reductive cyclization of nitrocinnamylamines. Thus, 2-methyl-3-nitrophenol was O-benzylated and treated with Me₂NCH(OMe)₂ and pyrrolidine to give a mixture of 2,6-O₂N(PhCH₂O)C₆H₃CH:CHR (R = pyrrolidino, NMe₂), which was treated with N₂H₄-Raney Ni to give the indole I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Name: 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Polyphosphazenes with Novel Architectures: Influence on Physical Properties and Behavior as Solid Polymer Electrolytes was written by Allcock, Harry R.;Sunderland, Nicolas J.;Ravikiran, Ramakrishna;Nelson, James M.. And the article was included in Macromolecules in 1998.Formula: C11H22O5 This article mentions the following:

Three types of polyphosphazenes with different architectures have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of the polymer architecture on solid ionic conductivity was of particular interest. The first type includes linear oligo- and polyphosphazenes with the general formula [N:P(OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂]_n (MEEP) with different chain lengths. The second type consists of a series of tri-armed star-branched polyphosphazenes with the general formula N{CH₂CH₂NH(CF₃CH₂O)₂P[N:P(OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₂]_n}₃ with different arm lengths. These were synthesized via the reaction of the tridentate initiator [N{CH₂CH₂NH(CF₃CH₂O)₂P:N-PCl₃⁺}₃][PCl₆^–]₃ with the phosphoranimine Cl₃P:NSiMe₃ in CH₂Cl₂ followed by halogen replacement with sodium (methoxyethoxy)ethoxide. The mol. weights in this system were carefully controlled by variation of the monomer-to-initiator ratios, and the effect of polymer mol. weight on solid ionic conductivity was examined The third polymer system was designed to examine the effect of complex branching on ionic conductivity Thus, a highly branched polymer containing five branches from a cyclotriphosphazene pendent side group (with 26 ethyleneoxy units per repeat unit) was synthesized. The conductivity of this polymer in the presence of three different salts has been measured and compared to the behavior of MEEP with a corresponding mol. weight The mechanism of ion transport in these systems is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6Formula: C11H22O5).

2-(2-(2-((Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 60221-37-6) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C11H22O5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tuning the Reactivity of Micellar Nanoreactors by Precise Adjustments of the Amphiphile and Substrate Hydrophobicity was written by Tevet, Shahar;Wagle, Shreyas S.;Slor, Gadi;Amir, Roey J.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.SDS of cas: 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Polymeric assemblies, such as micelles, are gaining increasing attention due to their ability to serve as nanoreactors for the execution of organic reactions in aqueous media. The ability to conduct organic transformations, which have been traditionally limited to organic media, in water is essential for the further development of important fields ranging from green catalysis to bioorthogonal chem. Considering the recent progress that has been made to expand the range of organometallic reactions conducted using nanoreactors, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the hydrophobicity of both the core of micellar nanoreactors and the substrates on the reaction rates in water. Toward this goal, we designed a set of five metal-loaded micelles composed of polyethylene glycol-dendron amphiphiles and studied their ability to serve as nanoreactors for a palladium-mediated depropargylation reaction of four substrates with different log P values. Using dendrons as the hydrophobic block, we could precisely tune the lipophilicity of the nanoreactors, which allowed us to reveal linear correlations between the rate constants and the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles (estimated by the dendron’s cLog P). While exponential dependence was obtained for the lipophilicity of the substrates, a similar degree of rate acceleration was observed due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the amphiphiles regardless of the effect of the substrate’s log P. Our results demonstrate that while increasing the hydrophobicity of the substrates may be used to accelerate reaction rates, tuning the hydrophobicity of the micellar nanoreactors can serve as a vital tool for further optimization of the reactivity and selectivity of nanoreactors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3SDS of cas: 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and photophysical properties of a 2,2′-bianthracene-based receptor bearing two aza-15-crown-5 ethers for naked-eye detection of barium ion was written by Kondo, Shin-ichi;Takahashi, Takuya;Takiguchi, Yuji;Unno, Masafumi. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2011.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

As a novel chromofluorophore, 9,9′-dimethyl-2,2′-bianthracene, was successfully synthesized by reductive coupling of 2-chloro-9-methylanthracene. Absorbance and fluorescence maxima of 9,9′-dimethyl-2,2′-bianthracene can be shifted to visible-region comparing to the former 2,2′-binaphthyl-based receptors. Receptor I bearing aza-15-crown-5 moieties via methylene spacer provides selective UV-visible and fluorescence responses for Ba²⁺ due to the restriction of the conformational change through the formation of an intramol. sandwich-complex by two azacrown ethers, resulting in the presence of Ba²⁺ that can be detected by naked eye in aqueous acetonitrile. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3COA of Formula: C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.COA of Formula: C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem