Category: 605-94-7

Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector was written by Xia, Yongjun;Chen, Yan;Liu, Xiaofeng;Zhou, Xuan;Wang, Zhaochu;Wang, Guangqiang;Xiong, Zhiqiang;Ai, Lianzhong. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2019.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND : Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative that shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, is produced during solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata; however, it cannot be biosynthesized via conventional submerged fermentation RESULTS : A method for enhancing the biosynthesis of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding an oxygen vector in a 7 L bioreactor was studied. In shake-flask experiments, a maximum antroquinonol production of 31.39 ± 0.78 mg L^-1 was obtained by fermentation with adding 0.2 g L^-1 coenzyme Q₀ (CoQ₀), at the 96th hour. Following kinetic anal. of the fermentation process, pH control strategies were investigated. A maximum antroquinonol production of 86.47 ± 3.65 mg L^-1 was achieved when the pH was maintained at 5.0, which exhibited an increase of 348.03% higher than the batch without pH regulation (19.30 ± 0.88 mg L^-1). The conversion rate of CoQ₀ improved from 1.51% to 20.20%. Further research revealed that the addition of n-tetradecane could increase the production of antroquinonol to 115.62 ± 4.87 mg L^-1 by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth. CONCLUSION : The results demonstrated that pH played an important role in antroquinonol synthesis in the presence of the effective precursor CoQ₀. It was a very effective strategy to increase the yield of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding oxygen vector. © 2018 Society of Chem. Industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 605-94-7

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Single-step synthesis of idebenone from Coenzyme Q₀ via free-radical alkylation under silver catalysis was written by Wang, Jin;Li, Shuo;Yang, Tao;Yang, Jian. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Idebenone was synthesized directly by free-radical alkylation of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (Coenzyme Q₀) with com. available 11-hydroxyundecanoic acid in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate in a mixed solvent (CH₃CN-H₂O, 1:1) under mild condition in good yields (65%, based on Coenzyme Q₀). The reaction is operationally simple and could be used in the preparation of other biol. Coenzyme Q analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Formula: C9H10O4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation, functionalization and characterization of engineered carbon nanodots was written by Dordjevic, Luka;Arcudi, Francesca;Prato, Maurizio. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2019.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Carbon-based dots (CDs) and their functionalized (nano)composites have recently attracted attention due to their seemingly easy preparation and numerous potential applications, ranging from those in the biomedical field (i.e., imaging and drug delivery) to those in (opto)electronics (i.e., solar cells and LEDs). This protocol details step-by-step procedures for synthesis, purification, functionalization and characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs), which we have been preparing for the past few years. First, we describe the bottom-up synthesis of NCNDs, starting with the use of mol. precursors (arginine (Arg) and ethylenediamine (EDA)) and making use of microwave-assisted hydrothermal heating. We also provide guidelines for the purification of these materials, through either dialysis or low-pressure sizeexclusion chromatog. (SEC). Second, we outline post-functionalization procedures for the surface modification of NCNDs, such as alkylation and amidation reactions. Third, we provide instructions for the preparation of NCNDs with different properties, such as color emission, electrochem. and chirality. Given the fast evolution of preparations and applications of CDs, issues that might arise from artifacts, errors and impurities should be avoided. In this context, the present protocol aims to provide details and guidelines for the synthesis of high-quality nanomaterials with high reproducibility, for various applications. Furthermore, specific needs might require the CDs to be prepared by different synthetic procedures and/or from different mol. precursors, but such CDs can still benefit from the purification and characterization procedures outlined in this protocol. The sample preparation takes various time frames, ranging from 4 to 18 d, depending on the adopted synthesis and purification steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of the orsellinic acid synthase PKS63787 for the biosynthesis of antroquinonols in Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Yu, Po-Wei;Cho, Ting-Yu;Liou, Ruey-Fen;Tzean, Shean-Shong;Lee, Tzong-Huei. And the article was included in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology in 2017.Reference of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Antrodia cinnamomea, an endemic basidiomycete used as a health food in Taiwan, is known to synthesize antroquinonols, which were reported to have notable medicinal potential in oncol. and immunol. However, the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds is currently unclear. Our previous study showed that a pks63787 knockout mutant of A. cinnamomea (Δpks63787) is deficient in the biosynthesis of several aromatic metabolites. In this study, we pointed by phylogenetic anal. that pks63787 likely encodes an orsellinic acid synthase. Moreover, amendment of the cultural medium with orsellinic acid not only restores the ability of Δpks63787 to produce its major pigment and other deficient metabolites, e.g., antroquinonols, but also enhances the productivity of several antroquinonols, including 2 new compounds antroquinonols L and M. These results provide direct evidence that the PKS63787 is involved in the biosynthesis of antroquinonols and confirmed our hypothesis that the 6-methylcyclohexenone moiety was synthesized via the PKS63787-mediated polyketide pathway. In conclusion, PKS63787 might function as orsellinic acid synthase and orsellinic acid is an important precursor indispensable for the biosynthesis of the major pigment and antroquinonols in A. cinnamomea. To facilitate further basic or applied study, a putative biosynthesis pathway map of antroquinonols is proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Reference of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Reference of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Optimization of antroquinonol production in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata using response surface methodology was written by Lu, Ruiqiu;Hu, Yongdan;Zhang, Baobo;Xu, Ganrong. And the article was included in Shipin Kexue (Beijing, China) in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

In this study, response surface methodol. based on Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the culture conditions for the production of the bioactive metabolite antroquinonol in solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata. The optimal culture conditions were determined as inoculum amount of 296.80 mg/kg, Triton X-100 concentration of 1.10 mL/kg and coenzyme Q₀ concentration of 0.23 g/kg. Under these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of antroquinonol was 865.85 mg/kg, which was in good agreement with the exptl. value of 865.32 mg/kg. Therefore, the established model could be used for predicting the culture conditions of Antrodia camphorate for antroquinonol production After optimization, the yield of antroquinonol was increased 232.09% when compared with the control (260.57 mg/kg). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Fluorescence quenching studies on the interaction of catechin-quinone with CdTe quantum dots. Mechanism elucidation and feasibility studies was written by Dwiecki, Krzysztof;Neunert, Grazyna;Nogala-Kalucka, Malgorzata;Polewski, Krzysztof. And the article was included in Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy in 2015.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Changes of the photoluminescent properties of QD in the presence of oxidized catechin (CQ) were investigated by absorption, steady-state fluorescence, fluorescence lifetime and dynamic light scattering measurements. Photoluminescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime was decreasing with increasing CQ concentration Dynamic light scattering technique found the hydrodynamic diameter of QD suspension in water is in range of 45 nm, whereas in presence of CQ increased to mean values of 67 nm. Calculated from absorption peak position of excition band indicated on average QD size of 3.2 nm. Emission spectroscopy and time-resolved emission studies confirmed preservation of electronic band structure in QD-CQ aggregates. On basis of the presented results, the elucidated mechanism of QD fluorescence quenching is a result of the interaction between QD and CQ due to electron transfer and electrostatic attraction. The results of fluorescence quenching of water-soluble CdTe quantum dot (QD) capped with thiocarboxylic acid were used to implement a simple and fast method to determine the presence of native antioxidant quinones in aqueous solutions Feasibility studies on this method carried out with oxidized catechin showed a linear relation between the QD emission and quencher concentration, in range from 1 up to 200 μM. The wide linear range of concentration dependence makes it possible to apply this method for the fast and sensitive detection of quinones in solutions In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Photosynthetic Bioelectronic Sensors for Touch Perception, UV-Detection, and Nanopower Generation: Toward Self-Powered E-Skins was written by Ravi, Sai Kishore;Wu, Tingfeng;Udayagiri, Vishnu Saran;Vu, Xuan Minh;Wang, Yanan;Jones, Michael R.;Tan, Swee Ching. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Energy self-sufficiency is an inspirational design feature of biol. systems that fulfills sensory functions. Plants such as the “touch-me-not” and “Venus flytrap” not only sustain life by photosynthesis, but also execute specialized sensory responses to touch. Photosynthesis enables these organisms to sustainably harvest and expend energy, powering their sensory abilities. Photosynthesis therefore provides a promising model for self-powered sensory devices like electronic skins (e-skins). While the natural sensory abilities of human skin have been emulated in man-made materials for advanced prosthetics and soft-robotics, no previous e-skin has incorporated phototransduction and photosensory functions that could extend the sensory abilities of human skin. A proof-of-concept bioelectronic device integrated with natural photosynthetic pigment-proteins is presented that shows the ability to sense not only touch stimuli (down to 3000 Pa), but also low-intensity UV radiation (down to 0.01 mW cm^-2) and generate an elec. power of ≈260 nW cm^-2. The scalability of this device is demonstrated through the fabrication of flexible, multipixel, bioelectronic sensors capable of touch registration and tracking. The polysensory abilities, energy self-sufficiency, and addnl. nanopower generation exhibited by this bioelectronic system make it particularly promising for applications like smart e-skins and wearable sensors, where the photogenerated power can enable remote data transmission. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Potato tuber cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes: Biochemical properties, activity, and expression during tuber dormancy progression was written by Suttle, Jeffrey C.;Huckle, Linda L.;Lu, Shunwen;Knauber, Donna C.. And the article was included in Journal of Plant Physiology in 2014.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

The enzymic and biochem. properties of the proteins encoded by five potato cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX)-like genes functionally expressed in yeast and the effects of tuber dormancy progression on StCKX expression and cytokinin metabolism were examined in lateral buds isolated from field-grown tubers. All five putative StCKX genes encoded proteins with in vitro CKX activity. All five enzymes were maximally active at neutral to slightly alk. pH with 2,6-dichloro-indophenol as the electron acceptor. In silico analyses indicated that four proteins were likely secreted. Substrate dependence of two of the most active enzymes varied; one exhibiting greater activity with isopentenyl-type cytokinins while the other was maximally active with cis-zeatin as a substrate. [³H]-isopentenyl-adenosine was readily metabolized by excised tuber buds to adenine/adenosine demonstrating that CKX was active in planta. There was no change in apparent in planta CKX activity during either natural or chem. forced dormancy progression. Similarly although expression of individual StCKX genes varied modestly during tuber dormancy, there was no clear correlation between StCKX gene expression and tuber dormancy status. Thus although CKX gene expression and enzyme activity are present in potato tuber buds throughout dormancy, they do not appear to play a significant role in the regulation of cytokinin content during tuber dormancy progression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 605-94-7

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Two-step synthesis of 2-(9-hydroxynonyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone was written by Wang, Jin;Hu, Xiao;Yang, Jian. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2014.SDS of cas: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

2-(9-Hydroxynonyl)-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone was readily synthesized from com. available 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene in two steps. First, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (coenzyme Q₀) was obtained in one step by treatment of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene with hydrogen peroxide under metal-free conditions, followed by free-radical alkylation with 10-hydroxydecanoic acid in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate and silver nitrate in a mixed solvent (MeCN-H₂O, 1:1) to afford the title compound in good yields (60%, based on coenzyme Q₀). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7SDS of cas: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.SDS of cas: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design and modelling of a photo-electrochemical transduction system based on solubilized photosynthetic reaction centres was written by Milano, F.;Ciriaco, F.;Trotta, M.;Chirizzi, D.;De Leo, V.;Agostiano, A.;Valli, L.;Giotta, L.;Guascito, M. R.. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is a membrane spanning protein that, upon illumination, promotes the reduction of a ubiquinone mol. withdrawing electrons from cytochrome c₂. This photo-activated reaction was often exploited, in suitably designed photoelectrochem. cells, to generate photocurrents sustained by the reduction at the working electrode of the photooxidized electron donor or by the oxidation of the electron acceptor. The authors have explored in more detail the factors affecting the photocurrent generation in com. available screen-printed electrochem. cells containing an electrolyte solution where RC proteins and suitable mediators are solubilized. In particular, the role of the applied potential and the influence of concentration and structure of acceptor and donor mols. were assessed. Efficient generation of cathodic photocurrents in a three electrode configuration occurs at an applied potential of 0.0 V vs. quasi-reference Ag (the open circuit potential of the system measured in the dark) in presence of ferrocenemethanol and decylubiquinone, which proved to guarantee high performances as electron donor and acceptor, resp. Also, the authors employed a set of differential equations, describing reaction and diffusion processes, for modeling with high accuracy the chronoamperometry profiles recorded at variable RC concentrations This model allowed the authors to estimate the kinetic parameters relevant to the chem. and electrochem. reactions triggered by light and to get a snapshot of the electrolyte composition in the bulk and electrode surroundings at different times from the light exposure. The characteristic time course of the photocurrent, showing a fast rise to a peak value followed by a slower decay, was therefore explained as the result of the strict interconnection between the dynamical processes involved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem