Microwave irradiation of lignocellulosic materials V. Effects of microwave irradiation on enzymic susceptibility of crystalline cellulose was written by Azuma, Junichi;Asai, Toshihiro;Isaka, Masao;Koshijima, Tetsuo. And the article was included in Journal of Fermentation Technology in 1985.Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:
The usefulness of various treatments was compared in the enzymic saccharification of microwave-irradiated crystalline cellulose (Whatman CF11). The variations include the extent of enzymic saccharification, the treatment temperature suitable for enzymic saccharification, and the effects of AcOH, lignin, and monomeric lignin model compounds on the extent of enzymic saccharification. The effects of microwave irradiation alone were evaluated. When cellulose suspended in water was heated above 180°, partial acid hydrolysis occurred. The extent of hydrolysis increased with an increase in temperature but did not exceed 3% even at 235°, where 0.03 mequiv of acid and cellooligosaccharides having a d.p. of 2-6 as well as glucose were produced. Although the presence of AcOH increased reducing sugar production by a factor of 2.2-3.8, lignin did not induce degradation of cellulose. The extent of enzymic saccharification of cellulose was greatly enhanced by microwave irradiation pretreatment in the presence of water above 220° and reached 43.2% at 240° at cellulose and enzyme concentrations of 2.0 and 0.2%, resp. The presence of AcOH facilitated the enzymic susceptibility and the extent of saccharification reached 69.2% at 240°. Lignin also facilitated the enzymic susceptibility but its action was limited to temperatures below 200°, above which lignin inhibited enzymic attack. The enhancement of the enzymic susceptibility by lignin was further promoted by the addition of AcOH. In this case, the maximal extent of saccharification was 41.5% at 200°, indicating that the temperature needed to reach 42-43% saccharification could be lowered for 40° by a synergistic effect between lignin and AcOH. Combinations of AcOH and monomeric lignin model compounds also show synergistic effects. However, lignin model compounds did not inhibit the enzyme reaction above 200° in contrast to the case of lignin. An unsaturated C-C double bond in the substituent of benzene ring seems to be important in the synergistic effect, whereas phenolic OH groups are of minor importance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).
3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem