Category: 121-00-6

Titan, S. M. published the artcileMetabolites related to eGFR: Evaluation of candidate molecules for GFR estimation using untargeted metabolomics, Application In Synthesis of 121-00-6, the main research area is metabolite eGFR untargeted metabolomics; CKD; GFR; Metabolomics.

Metabolomics can be used to identify novel metabolites related to renal function and that could therefore be used for estimating GFR. We evaluated metabolites replicated and related to eGFR in 3 studies (CKD and general population). Metabolomics was performed by GC-MS. The Progredir Cohort (n = 454, class 3 and 4 CKD) was used as the derivation study and adjusted linear regression models on eGFR-CKDEPI were built. Bonferroni correction was applied for selecting metabolites to be independently validated in the Diabetic Nephropathy Study (n = 56, macroalbuminuric DN) and in the Baependi Heart Study (BHS, n = 1145, general population). In the Progredir Cohort, 72 metabolites where associated with eGFR. Of those, 11 were also significantly associated to eGFR in the DN Study and 8 in the BHS. Four metabolites were replicated and significantly associated to eGFR in all 3 studies: D-threitol, myo-inositol, 4-deoxierythronic acid and galacturonic acid. In addition, pseudouridine was strongly correlated to eGFR only in the 2 CKD populations. Our results demonstrate metabolites that are potential biomarkers of renal function: D-threitol, myo-inositol, 4-deoxierythronic acid, galacturonic acid and pseudouridine. Further investigation is needed to determine their performance against otherwise gold-standard methods, most notably among those with normal eGFR.

Clinica Chimica Acta published new progress about Albuminuria. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Application In Synthesis of 121-00-6.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sun, Zhendong published the artcile3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Impairs Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Male Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet, Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, the main research area is butyl hydroxyanisole liver lipid high fat diet; 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole; food antioxidant; lipid homeostasis; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; obesogen.

3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA), one of the widely used food antioxidants, has been found to act as a potential obesogen by promoting adipogenesis in vitro and inducing white adipose tissue development in vivo. Whether 3-BHA-induced visceral obesity was accompanied by a disruption of hepatic lipid homeostasis in mammals remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 3-BHA on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male C57BL/6J mice. After 18 wk of oral administration of 10 mg/kg 3-BHA, the mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) had higher hepatic triglyceride concentrations (0.32 mg/mg protein) and severer steatosis (1.57 for the NAFLD score) than the control ones. The in vivo hepatic lipid deposition disturbed by 3-BHA was transcriptionally regulated by the genes involved in lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and lipid export. The in vitro studies further confirmed that 24 h of exposure to 50 μM 3-BHA could induce intracellular oleic acid (OA) uptake and triglyceride accumulation (1.5-fold of the OA control) in HepG2 cells. Lipidomic anal. indicated the perturbation of 3-BHA in the levels of 30 lipid species related to sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids under HFD conditions. The findings herein first revealed the disruption effect of 3-BHA on hepatic lipid homeostasis, thus exacerbating the development of HFD-induced NAFLD.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Adipogenesis. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Recommanded Product: 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bin Shi published the artcileStudy on UV Spectrum and Antioxidant Properties of 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Molecule, Quality Control of 121-00-6, the main research area is butyl hydroxyanisole atomic charge bond energy excited state antioxidant.

Abstract: Based on DFT, B3LYP method was used to optimize the structure of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) mol. at the level of 6-311g(d,p) set level. On this basis, the first 50 excited states were calculated by using B3LYP/def 2-TZVP method based on TD-DFT with ethanol as solvent. Multiwfn 3.6 software was used to plot the UV spectrum, and three methods including at. charges, Fukui function (FF) and electrostatic potential (ESP) were used to predict its electrophilic reactive sites. Finally, bond energy of O10-H11 and C12-O13 were investigated by the ωB97XD/TZVP method. Comparing the exptl. and theor. UV spectra, it was found that the overall agreement was good. The oxygen atom on the phenolic hydroxyl group and the oxygen atom on the ether bond are the electrophilic reactive sites. And the C12-O13 bond on the ether bond is more prone to dissociation They are easily reacted with peroxide radicals to have oxidation resistance.

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Quality Control of 121-00-6.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Schmatz, Alison Andrei published the artcileLignin Removal and Cellulose Digestibility Improved by Adding Antioxidants and Surfactants to Organosolv Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse, COA of Formula: C11H16O2, the main research area is lignin cellulose digestibility antioxidant surfactant organosolv sugarcane bagasse.

Annually, tons of sugarcane bagasse are generated in the sugar and alc. industries. This biomass has great potential in the use of converting cellulose into glucose, an energy currency for various biotechnol. processes. However, lignin content is a limiting factor in cellulose accessibility. This study aimed to improve lignin removal by evaluating the additive’s effect on biomass pretreatment. The additives were tert-butylhydroquinone, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, Me 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate; surfactants Tween 20, Tween 80, and DMSO (DMSO). The antioxidants collaborated with lignin removal; the 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole reached 71% of lignin removal. Inherent to the pretreatment, tert-butylhydroquinone showed 23.53% and 89.54% of cellulose and hemicellulose removal, resp. Dioxane extraction compounds from the pretreated biomass showed an increased amount using additives, suggesting more compounds adsorbed on the material surface. All the antioxidants/surfactants applied to the organosolv pretreatment improved enzymic hydrolysis, reaching 98.9% cellulose into glucose conversion (Tween 80). The use of chem. compounds during pretreatment beneficed the removal of lignin from biomass and consequently the cellulose hydrolysis.

BioEnergy Research published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, COA of Formula: C11H16O2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tang, Shuqin published the artcilePrenatal Exposure to Emerging Plasticizers and Synthetic Antioxidants and Their Potency to Cross Human Placenta, COA of Formula: C11H16O2, the main research area is plasticizer antioxidant placenta permeation prenatal exposure pregnancy; molecular descriptor; plasticizers; prenatal exposure; synthetic antioxidants; transplacental transfer.

Gestational exposure to environmental chems. and subsequent permeation through the placental barrier represents potential health risks to both pregnant women and their fetuses. In the present study, we explored prenatal exposure to a suite of 46 emerging plasticizers and synthetic antioxidants (including five transformation products of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, BHT) and their potency to cross human placenta based on a total of 109 maternal and cord serum pairs. Most of these chems. have rarely or never been investigated for prenatal exposure and associated health risks. Eleven of them exhibited detection frequency greater than 50% in maternal blood, including di-Bu fumarate (DBF), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DtBP), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), methyl-2-(benzoyl)benzoate (MBB), tri-Et citrate (TEC), BHT, and its five metabolites, with a median concentration from 0.05 to 3.1 ng/mL. The transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) was determined for selected chems. with valid measurements in more than 10 maternal/cord blood pairs, and the mean TTEs exhibited a large variation (i.e., 0.29-2.14) between chems. The determined TTEs for some of the target chems. were comparable to the predicted values by our previously proposed models developed from mol. descriptors, indicating that their transplacental transfer potency could be largely affected by physicochem. properties and mol. structures. However, addnl. biol. and physiol. factors may influence the potency of environmental chems. to cross human placenta. Overall, our study findings raise concern on human exposure to an increasing list of plastic additives during critical life stages (e.g., pregnancy) and potential health risks.

Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, COA of Formula: C11H16O2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed published the artcileSafety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of butylated hydroxyanisole ( BHA ) for use in cats ( FEDIAF ), Category: ethers-buliding-blocks, the main research area is review safety butylated hydroxyanisole feed additive cat; BHA; antioxidants; butylated hydroxyanisole; cats; efficacy; safety; technological additive.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed ( FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of butylated hydroxy anisole ( BHA ) when used as a technol. additive (antioxidant) in feed for cats. BHA is a waxy solid consisting for > 98.5% of the active substance, a mixture of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and is currently authorised for use in all animal species except in cats. In support of the safety of the additive for the target species, the applicant has submitted a tolerance study which demonstrated that BHA is tolerated by cats at a concentration up to 150 mg/kg complete feed. The additive should be considered a skin, eye irritant and a potential skin sensitizer. Exposure of the user via inhalation was considered unlikely; therefore, a risk is not expected. BHA is authorised as an antioxidant for food use at comparable use levels; therefore, no studies were required to demonstrate the efficacy of BHA as an antioxidant in complete feed for cats.

EFSA Journal published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Category: ethers-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Grover, Madhuri published the artcilePhytochemical Screening, antioxidant Assay and Cytotoxic Profile for Different Extracts of Chrysopogon zizanioides Roots, Formula: C11H16O2, the main research area is Chrysopogon root extract antioxidant cytotoxic; antioxidant; cancer; chemotherapy; cytotoxicity; vetiver.

The Chrysopogon zizanioides plant possesses multiple traditional uses, especially in therapeutics, but only a few articles have reported its biol. activity. Hence, the present study was planned to explore the phytochem. constituents, cytotoxic potential, radical scavenging activity, and GC/MS (Gas chromatog. & Mass spectrometry) anal. of the vetiver root extracts The roots extracted with different solvents exhibited more significant phytochem. constituents in polar solvents in comparison to non-polar ones, favoring the extraction of a greater number of components in highly polar solvents. All the extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity using SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay. They confirmed ethanolic extract as a potent extract with GI50 56±0.5 μg/mL in oral cancer (SCC-29B) along with no cytotoxicity in healthy cells (Vero cells), making it a safer therapeutic option in comparison to standard Adriamycin. This extract was also analyzed for its antioxidant potential by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay with IC50 value 10.73 μg/mL, which was quite comparable to Ascorbic acid having IC50 value 4.61 μg/mL. The quant. anal. of ethanolic extract exhibited 107 compounds amongst which Khusenic acid, Ascorbic acid, Junipen, gamma-Himachalene, alpha-Guaiene were the majorly occurring compounds that can be explored further for their cytotoxic activity.

Chemistry & Biodiversity published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Formula: C11H16O2.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Kohno, Yoshiumi published the artcileEffect of stabilizers on the stability enhancement of naturally occurring dye incorporated in clay interlayer, Application of 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, the main research area is phenolic compound natural dye clay interlayer stabilizer stability.

Naturally occurring dyes are expected as an environmentally- and eco-friendly colorant. The limitation of the usage by their low stability can partially be solved by the incorporation into inorganic host materials. However, the stability of the dye-inorganic host composites has still been insufficient. In this study, further stability enhancement of the dye composite is tried by adding several phenolic compounds as a radical scavenging stabilizer. The photostability and thermal stability of β-carotene incorporated in the organoclay interlayer is successfully improved especially when the stabilizer mols. can be efficiently intercalated together with the β-carotene. For rather slow rate of degradation, the phenolic compounds having hindered structure showed higher stabilization effect, whereas for the fast degradation, non-hindered phenols showed high efficiency. The difference in the effectiveness as a stabilizer can be explained both by the stability of the intermediate phenoxy radical species and by the steric hindrance. As a stabilizer of environmentally friendly dye composite materials, naturally occurring gallic acid and vanillic acid are the most preferrable compounds for the present composites.

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Application of 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Yahaya, W. A. W. published the artcileCharacterization of semi-refined carrageenan film plasticized with glycerol incorporated with Persicaria minor extract as antioxidant additives, Application In Synthesis of 121-00-6, the main research area is Persicaria antioxidant carrageenan glycerol.

Semi refined carrageenan plasticized with 0.9% glycerol (G) added with Persicaria minor (PM) extract and 0.4% BHA as antioxidant additives for the development of active packaging films. The extraction of PM using 75% (volume/volume) ethanol: water ratio showed the highest polyphenol content with 176.80±4.37 Gallic Acid Equivivalent (GAE)/L sample and 94.65±0.17% inhibition analyzed using DPPH antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The characterization of SRC-G based film containing 0.4, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% PM and BHA were observed using FTIR, mech. and phys. properties of the treated films. FTIR spectrum band showed insight anal. of PM extract and BHA with carrageenan. SRC film plasticized with glycerol improved overall phys. properties including thickness, barrier and flexibility and increased tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the SRC film only (p<0.05). The active films with PM extracts (2.0% weight/weight) exhibited good mech. properties with tensile strength and elongation at break with 28.01±0.17 and 37.37±0.29. The addnl. of PM extract in SRC films increased the moisture content and opacity as proportionally to the concentration of PM extracts Film treated with 2.0% PM showed lowest value of films solubility compare to all sample (p<0.05). Hence, the characterization measurement of SRC based films demonstrated great potential with natural extract formulation for the development of active film packaging for food products. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Application In Synthesis of 121-00-6.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Olasehinde, Tosin A. published the artcileCholinesterase inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, and phytochemical composition of Chlorococcum sp. extracts, Computed Properties of 121-00-6, the main research area is Chlorococcum dichloromethane phytol neophytadiene cholinesterase inhibitor antioxidant; Alzheimer’s disease; Chlorococcum sp. | Microalgae; anticholinesterase activity; antioxidant activity.

In this study, Chlorococcum sp. was investigated for its cholinesterase inhibitory potentials and antioxidant activity. The algal sample was cultivated, harvested, and extracted sequentially using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol. The extracts were characterized using Fourier transmission infra-red (FTIR) and Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry. The metal chelating, radical scavenging activities, as well as anticholinesterase potentials of the algal extract, was also investigated. FTIR characterization of the microalgal biomass revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. The extracts showed the presence of phytol, neophytadiene, butylated hydroxyl toluene, and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. The ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH (IC50 = 147.40μg/mL) and OH (IC50 = 493.90μg/mL) radical scavenging and metal chelating (IC50 = 83.25μg/mL) activities. Similarly, the ethanol extract (IC50 = 13.83μg/mL) exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, while the dichloromethane extract showed the highest butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects against butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase; however, ethanol extracts showed better activity. Practical applications : Biomass obtained from some microalgal species is commonly used as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals due to the presence of high-valued products. However, the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of biomass from Chlorococcum sp. have not been explored. Chlorococcum sp. extracts contain some antioxidants such as 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, phytol, and neophytadiene. Characterization of the extracts also revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and fatty acids. These compounds may contribute to the observed antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Chlorococcum sp. The result of this study suggests that Chlorococcum sp. may contain some nutraceuticals which could be used as antioxidants and cholinesterase inhibitors.

Journal of Food Biochemistry published new progress about Antioxidants. 121-00-6 belongs to class ethers-buliding-blocks, name is 4-Hydroxy-3-tert-butylanisole, and the molecular formula is C11H16O2, Computed Properties of 121-00-6.

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem