Category: 112-59-4

Hydroxyl Group Stabilization for Increased Yields of Low-Molecular-Weight Products in the Copyrolysis of Cellulose and Thermoplastics was written by Nallar, Melisa;Wong, Hsi-Wu. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2019.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biomass is a promising renewable and sustainable resource to produce energy and value-added chems. Fast pyrolysis is one of the simplest thermochem. methods to convert biomass into high yields of liquid products that can be upgraded into drop-in fuels or platform chems.; however, its diverse product distributions and low product selectivity incur significant cost due to subsequent upgrading and separation operations. In this work, a strategy to promote yields of low-mol.-weight products (LMWPs) from cellulose pyrolysis via hydroxyl group stabilization using molten polymers (MPs) is presented. Three types of thermoplastics, high-d. polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polystyrene (PS), were copyrolyzed with cellulose to investigate the possible hydroxyl group stabilization effects caused by the ether and aromatic moieties in MPs during cellulose pyrolysis. A custom-made batch pyrolysis reactor was employed for the copyrolysis experiments Our results showed that the combined yields of levoglucosan (LG) and LMWPs significantly increased in the presence of MPs due to the phys. inhibition of anhydrosugar oligomer evaporation The product distributions were varied dependent on the MPs used. In particular, both ether groups in PEG and aromatic groups in PS were found to stabilize the cellulosic hydroxyl groups during glycosidic bond cleavage, inhibiting the formation of LG. Aromatic moieties in MPs were observed to create a stronger inhibition effect on the glycosidic bond cleavage than ether moieties. Our experiments also suggest that both ether and aromatic groups in MPs stabilize the hydroxyl groups during dehydration, leading to increased yields of products from retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation. Ether moieties were found to be more effective at inhibiting dehydration than aromatic moieties. Yields of the HDPE-derived products increased during copyrolysis, suggesting a possible catalytic effect in HDPE pyrolysis caused by the LMWPs produced from carbohydrate pyrolysis. Yields of the PEG-derived products increased only in the presence of cellulose and glucose, whereas yields of the PS-derived products were unaffected in all copyrolysis experiments A possible reaction mechanism accounting for the hydroxyl group stabilization effects is proposed based on our exptl. findings. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nonionic Water-Soluble Polysilynes. Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Class of Functionalized Materials was written by Cleij, Thomas J.;Tsang, Stellar K. Y.;Jenneskens, Leonardus W.. And the article was included in Macromolecules in 1999.Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The nonionic water-soluble polysilynes poly(4,7,10-trioxaundecylsilyne) (I) and poly(4,7,10,13-tetraoxatetradecylsilyne) (II), which are inaccessible using the conventional Wurtz-type coupling with Na in refluxing toluene, were prepared in reasonable yields using graphite potassium C₈K as the reducing agent in THF at 0 °C. A water-insoluble analog of I, viz. poly(4,7,10-trioxahexadecylsilyne) (III), is obtained in nearly quant. yield under similar conditions. Despite the fact that I and II possess all the characteristic polysilylene-like (photo)phys. properties, aqueous solutions of I and II unexpectedly exhibit thermoresponsive behavior; i.e., at 49 °C a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is found. The presence of an LCST, which has to originate from folding/unfolding processes of the polysilylene backbone, suggests that polysilynes have a hybrid structure with a predominantly one-dimensional overall appearance consisting of linear fragments with small branches and/or incorporated (branched) cyclics, instead of the previously proposed extended sheetlike and/or hyperbranched/dendritic structures. Addnl. support for a hybrid structure was given by semiempirical PM3 calculations on a variety of oligomeric model compounds The PM3 results suggest that Si-Cl moieties incorporated in oligomers will be more reactive than monomeric Si-Cl groups. The calculations further indicate that linear chain extension is preferred over branching. Cyclic voltammetry in combination with absorption/excitation spectroscopy reveals that in going from the related polysilane to the polysilylene the valence band edge shifts ca. -0.7 V, while the conduction band edge remains virtually unchanged. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that polysilynes I and II are effective photoinitiators for radical polymerizations upon excitation at λ 400 nm. This is exemplified for the conversion of Me acrylate into poly(Me acrylate). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Evaluation of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides was written by Anastassiades, Michelangelo;Mastovska, Katerina;Lehotay, Steven J.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2003.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A common problem in gas chromatog. (GC) applications is the analyte losses and/or peak tailing due to undesired interactions with active sites in the inlet and column. Analytes that give poor peak shapes or degrade have higher detection limits, are more difficult to identify and integrate, and are more prone to interferences than stable analytes that give narrow peaks. For susceptible analytes, significant peak quality improvements are obtained when matrix components are present because they fill active sites, thus reducing analyte interactions. This phenomenon is called “matrix-induced chromatog. response enhancement”. Several approaches have been proposed to minimize peak distortion phenomena and compensate for matrix-induced effects, which is especially important for accurate quantitation, but each approach has serious limitations for routine multi-pesticide anal. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using “analyte protectants” to provide a more convenient and effective solution to the problem than other approaches developed thus far. The protecting agents are added to extracts and matrix-free standards alike to provide the chromatog. enhancement effect even for the most susceptible analytes in a very dirty GC system. We evaluated 93 compounds to find the most suitable ones for improving chromatog. quality of the signal. Because hydrogen bonding has been shown to be an important factor in analyte interactions with active sites, we mainly focused on additives with strong hydrogen bonding capabilities. Dramatic peak enhancements were achieved using compounds containing multiple hydroxy groups, such as sugars and sugar derivatives, and gulonolactone appears to be the most effective protecting agent for the most pesticides that we tested. The benefits of using analyte protectants vs. alternative procedures for overcoming matrix-induced effects in quantitation include: (a) simpler procedure; (b) easier integration of peaks; (c) lower detection limits; (d) better quantitation; (e) less maintenance of the GC inlet; and (e) lower cost. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Improved performance and reduced emissions in a direct injection diesel engine by fuel additives was written by Sharavanan, Ar.;Jaishanker, D.;Saravanan, C. G.. And the article was included in Society of Automotive Engineers in 2001.Related Products of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Diesel engineers are major sources of prime movers, which are widely used for small and large-scale power generation and transportation purposes. These engines are widely used owing to its high power output and general thermal efficiency. In spite of these benefits diesel engines cause serious environmental and human discomforts on global scale. The important pollutants from a diesel engine are NO_x HC and particulate matter. These particulates are inhalable, capable of traveling deep into lungs and causes diseases. As a result of this governments and health organizations have tightened the standards for pollutants from diesel engine. Hence it has becomes important that these particulate matter have to be reduced or eliminated from the exhaust f diesel engine. This project aims to reduce the particulate emission in the diesel engine exhaust and to improve the performance of the engine. A literature survey was conducted revealed that using fuel additives, which oxygenate the fuel and reduces the emissions, can reduce the particulate emission. Additives like Ethylene glycol di-Me ether, Diethylene glycol di-Me ether, Diethylene glycol di-Et ether, Bu ether, Aliphatic alc., Aromatic alc. and Glycol ethers were used by various researchers in this field, as fuel additives. Encouraging results were obtained and some of them are reported in this project. In this oxygenates, ethers behave better than alc.’s. Hence for this present work some of the ethers were selected which were not much tried and detail were not much known. Three additives were selected for the fuel. Diethylene glycol mono Bu ether, Diethylene glycol di-Bu ether, and Diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether ether are the additives selected. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine (Greaves cotton engine) was selected for conducting the tests. These oxygenates were added in different quantities to the selected base fuel, diesel. Load tests and speed tests were conducted first with the sole fuel (diesel) and then with the smoke emissions were deduced to a very great extent, the maximum reduction was obtained while using 4ml of Diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether. The smoke level is reduced from 70HSU to 29HSU, the particulate matter is reduced from 2.801 g/h to 1.512 g/h and the smoke conversion efficiency is found out as 58.57% at full load. A slight decrease in fuel consumption and about 1 to 2% increase in brake thermal efficiency was found out from the experiment conducted, for various loads and speeds which shows obviously an improvement in the performance. The other two additives also shows the same trend except that these values slightly differ indicating that Di-Bu ether comes as second good additive and Diethylene glycol mono Bu ether as third good additive. Detailed results are reported in the results and discussions chapter and conclusions at the end. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Related Products of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 112-59-4

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Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants of untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent using Allium cepa was written by Kumar, Vineet;Ameen, Fuad;Islam, M. Amirul;Agrawal, Sakshi;Motghare, Ankit;Dey, Abhijit;Shah, Maulin P.;Americo-Pinheiro, Juliana Heloisa Pine;Singh, Simranjeet;Ramamurthy, Praveen C.. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Reference of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Environmental pollution caused by the discharge of raw and partly treated distillery effluent has become a serious and threatening problem due to its high pollution load. The aim of the present study was to assess the physicochem. load in alc. distillery effluent before and after biomethanation treatment and the cyto- and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants emanated in raw/untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent on the ultrastructural and biochem. responses of Allium cepa root tip cells. Physicochem. anal. revealed high BOD (BOD: 47840-36651 mg L-1), COD (COD: 93452-84500 mg L-1) and total dissolved solids (TDS: 64251-74652 mg L-1) in raw and biomethanated effluent along with metal(loid)s (Fe: 456.152-346.26; Zn: 1.654-1.465; Cu: 0.648-0.562; Ni: 1.012-0.951, and Pb: 0.264 mg L-1) which were beyond the safe discharge values prescribed by the environmental regulatory agencies. The UV-Visible and Fourier transform IR spectrophotometry analyses confirmed the high levels of organic, inorganic, and mixed contaminants discharged in raw and biomethanated distillery effluents. Furthermore, GC-MS anal. characterised chem. contaminants, such as hexadecanoic acid, butanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester; hexadecane, 2,6,11,15-tetramethyl, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether that have been reported as androgenic-mutagenic, and endocrine disrupting chems. by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The cytotoxicity measured by A. cepa showed dose depended inhibition root growth inhibition and simultaneous reduction in mitotic index in tested effluents. The chromosomal aberrations studies resulted in laggard chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, vagrant chromosomes, chromosome loss, c-mitosis, chromosome bridge, abnormal metaphase, and disturbed anaphase as found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dose-dependent enhancement in the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase were found to be higher in raw effluents treated root cells compared to biomethanated distillery effluent. Anal. of ultrastructural changes in root tip cells by TEM anal. revealed dramatic changes in the morphol. of cell organelles and accumulation of metallic elements in and on the surface tissues. The results concluded that the discharged distillery effluents retained certain toxic pollutants which imposed cytotoxic and genotoxic hazards to A. cepa. Thus, for the sake of environmental protection, the raw as well as the disposed biomethanated effluent must be efficiently treated before its dumping into the terrestrial ecosystem. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Reference of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An Examination of the Cloud Curves of Liquid-Liquid Immiscibility of Aqueous Solutions of Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Surfactants Using the SAFT-HS Approach with Transferable Parameters was written by Garcia-Lisbona, M. Nieves;Galindo, Amparo;Jackson, George;Burgess, Andrew N.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1998.Related Products of 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The phase equilibrium of aqueous solutions of n-alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers (C_iE_j) are characterized by the presence of so-called cloud curves which represent the region of liquid-liquid immiscibility of two micellar solutions (one rich and one poor in surfactant). The systems exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which denotes the lower limit of immiscibility; in some cases a complete closed-loop region with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) is seen corresponding to re-entrant miscibility. In this case the behavior can be explained in terms of the competition between the incompatibility of water with the alkyl chain and the hydrogen bonding between water and the head groups. The authors have used a simplified version of the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), which is based on the thermodn. perturbation theory of Wertheim for associating fluids: the original SAFT-LJ equation of state treats the mols. as chains of Lennard-Jones segments while the simplified SAFT-HS equation treats mols. as chains of hard-sphere repulsive segments with van der Waals interactions. The water mols. are modeled as hard spheres with four associating sites to treat the hydrogen bonding; the dispersion forces are treated at the van der Waals mean-field level. The surfactant mols. are modeled as chains of hard-sphere segments with two or three bonding sites to treat the terminal hydroxyl group and an addnl. three sites per oxyethylene group; the dispersion forces are again treated at the mean-field level. For appropriate choices of the intermol. parameters, the SAFT-HS approach predicts cloud curves with both a UCST and an LCST. The critical temperatures and the extent of immiscibility are in very good agreement with the exptl. data. The authors have studied the transferability of the intermol. potential parameters for different members of the C_iE_j homologous series. Although the general trends are reproduced, slightly different values of the unlike dispersion forces have to be used for the various systems in order to provide quant. agreement with experiment This is not altogether surprising for such complex aqueous micellar solutions The authors have explored a relationship between the structure of the surfactant mol. and the value of the unlike intermol. potential parameter which enables one to predict the phase behavior of aqueous solutions of any member of the C_iE_j homologous series. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4Related Products of 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Related Products of 112-59-4

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Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Surface Activity of Alkoxy Ethoxyethyl β-D-Glucopyranosides was written by Fan, Yulin;Fu, Fang;Chen, Langqiu;Li, Jiping;Zhang, Jing. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 112-59-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Dioxyethene fragment (-(OCH₂CH₂)₂-) was introduced into traditional alkyl β-D-glucopyranosides to ameliorate the water solubility, and eight nonionic surfactants, i.e., alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides with alkyl chain lengths (n = 6-16), were synthesized and characterized. Their hydrophilic and lipophilic balance number, water solubility, critical micelle concentration (cmc), γ_cmc, Γ_max, and hygroscopic rate decreased with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Hexadecoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had no water solubility at 25°C. Decoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the toluene/water and n-octane/water systems and the strongest foaming property, whereas dodecoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranoside had the best emulsifying property in the rapeseed oil/water system. Such β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 6-12) exhibited excellent surface activity. In addition, for the binary mixture of alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 8, 10, 12) and sodium dodecyl sulfate or cetyl tri-Me ammonium chloride, their cmc values were lower than the pure β-D-glucopyranosides, indicating that they had synergistic interactions. The fan focal conic textures of alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 7-16) were observed during the cooling process under a polarizing optical microscope. Alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 14, 16) had the related m.ps. and the clear points with differential scanning calorimetry. With β-D-glucopyranosides (n = 6-16) and n-butanol as the surfactant and cosurfactant, resp., and with cyclohexane as the oil phase, the related microemulsion areas in their pseudoternary phase diagram system were investigated with the visual observation at 25°C. Along with the slashing requirements of petroleum consumption, environmental protection, and green and sustainable development, nonionic sugar-based alkoxy ethoxyethyl β-D-glucopyranosides should be expected to have their potential practical application because of their strengthened hydrophilicity, improved water solubility, and enhanced surface activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4SDS of cas: 112-59-4).

2-(2-(Hexyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol (cas: 112-59-4) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 112-59-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem