Category: 103-16-2

Selective cleavage of C-O bond in lignin and lignin model compounds over iron/nitrogen co-doped carbon supported nickel catalyst was written by Guo, Jia-Pei;Liu, Fang-Jing;Bie, Lei-Lei;Si, Xing-Gang;Li, Yan-Hong;Song, Ping;Liu, Nian;Zhao, Yun-Peng;Huang, Zai-Xing;Cao, Jing-Pei;Wei, Xian-Yong. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.SDS of cas: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The utilization of lignin to produce high value-added chems. is conducive to alleviating the fossil energy crisis. Herein, Ni nanoparticles supported on iron/nitrogen co-doped carbon was prepared by co-pyrolysis and solvothermal reduction method for catalytic hydrogenolysis (CH) of dealkaline lignin and its model compounds The catalysts were prepared under different calcination temperature, N/C ratio and Ni loading, and the optimal catalyst was Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 (calcination temperature: 800°C, N/C ratio: 0.33, Ni loading: 10%) based the on the CH of benzyl Ph ether (BPE). Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 showed good catalytic performance on the selective cleavage of C-O bond of lignin and its model compounds The BPE conversion reached up to 97.7% over Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 under mild conditions (230°C, 1 MPa H₂, and 0.5 h) with toluene and cyclohexanol as major products. Catalyst characterizations suggest that N content affects the formation of NiFe alloy and the synergistic effect between Ni and Fe plays an important role in CH of BPE. Moreover, Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 could promote the cleavage of C-O bonds in dealkaline lignin through CH and hence enhance producing aromatics such as phenols, aromatic ethers, and aromatic esters, among which phenols are the main aromatics with guaiacols predominant. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2SDS of cas: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective cleavage of C-O bond in lignin and lignin model compounds over iron/nitrogen co-doped carbon supported nickel catalyst was written by Guo, Jia-Pei;Liu, Fang-Jing;Bie, Lei-Lei;Si, Xing-Gang;Li, Yan-Hong;Song, Ping;Liu, Nian;Zhao, Yun-Peng;Huang, Zai-Xing;Cao, Jing-Pei;Wei, Xian-Yong. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The utilization of lignin to produce high value-added chems. is conducive to alleviating the fossil energy crisis. Herein, Ni nanoparticles supported on iron/nitrogen co-doped carbon was prepared by co-pyrolysis and solvothermal reduction method for catalytic hydrogenolysis (CH) of dealkaline lignin and its model compounds The catalysts were prepared under different calcination temperature, N/C ratio and Ni loading, and the optimal catalyst was Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 (calcination temperature: 800°C, N/C ratio: 0.33, Ni loading: 10%) based the on the CH of benzyl Ph ether (BPE). Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 showed good catalytic performance on the selective cleavage of C-O bond of lignin and its model compounds The BPE conversion reached up to 97.7% over Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 under mild conditions (230°C, 1 MPa H₂, and 0.5 h) with toluene and cyclohexanol as major products. Catalyst characterizations suggest that N content affects the formation of NiFe alloy and the synergistic effect between Ni and Fe plays an important role in CH of BPE. Moreover, Ni_10%@Fe/NC_0.33-800 could promote the cleavage of C-O bonds in dealkaline lignin through CH and hence enhance producing aromatics such as phenols, aromatic ethers, and aromatic esters, among which phenols are the main aromatics with guaiacols predominant. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Ni-based catalysts for the hydrotreatment of lignin dimer model compounds to cycloalkanes/cycloalkanols was written by Chen, Changzhou;Wu, Dichao;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Zhou, Minghao;Hou, Xinglong;Jiang, Jianchun. And the article was included in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The noble-metal catalytic cleavage of ether bonds in lignin to obtain aromatic chems. has achieved great success, and the development of a low-cost efficient catalyst is crucial. Herein, Ni_xLa_y/CNT was designed for the hydrogenolysis of benzyl Ph ether (BPE), di-Ph ether (DPE) and 2-phenethyl Ph ether (PPE) under a relatively mild condition. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni with La, the Ni-La catalyst was especially active. Moreover, not only could the Ni-La catalyst fracture the C-O bond, but it could also transform aromatic rings to produce cycloalkanes. Physicochem. characterizations were carried out by means of XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, pyridine-IR and XPS analyses. Based on the optimal reaction condition (240°C, 4 h, 2.0 MPa H₂), various model compounds could also be effectively hydrotreated to produce corresponding products. A mechanistic study revealed that cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexane were major products for the transfer cleavage of BPE. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that aryl groups played a significant role in the hydrogenation of phenol from the competitive catalytic hydrogenation reaction of phenol. This study opened up the possibility of the valorization of lignin using a rare earth metal as the co-catalyst for the selective cleavage of lignin model compounds to value-added chems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Name: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient Ni-based catalysts for the hydrotreatment of lignin dimer model compounds to cycloalkanes/cycloalkanols was written by Chen, Changzhou;Wu, Dichao;Liu, Peng;Xia, Haihong;Zhou, Minghao;Hou, Xinglong;Jiang, Jianchun. And the article was included in Reaction Chemistry & Engineering in 2021.Application of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The noble-metal catalytic cleavage of ether bonds in lignin to obtain aromatic chems. has achieved great success, and the development of a low-cost efficient catalyst is crucial. Herein, Ni_xLa_y/CNT was designed for the hydrogenolysis of benzyl Ph ether (BPE), di-Ph ether (DPE) and 2-phenethyl Ph ether (PPE) under a relatively mild condition. Owing to the synergistic effect of Ni with La, the Ni-La catalyst was especially active. Moreover, not only could the Ni-La catalyst fracture the C-O bond, but it could also transform aromatic rings to produce cycloalkanes. Physicochem. characterizations were carried out by means of XRD, TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD, pyridine-IR and XPS analyses. Based on the optimal reaction condition (240°C, 4 h, 2.0 MPa H₂), various model compounds could also be effectively hydrotreated to produce corresponding products. A mechanistic study revealed that cyclohexanol and methylcyclohexane were major products for the transfer cleavage of BPE. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that aryl groups played a significant role in the hydrogenation of phenol from the competitive catalytic hydrogenation reaction of phenol. This study opened up the possibility of the valorization of lignin using a rare earth metal as the co-catalyst for the selective cleavage of lignin model compounds to value-added chems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Synthetic Polymers and Miscanthus giganteus: Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects was written by Souza dos Passos, Juliano;Glasius, Marianne;Biller, Patrick. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2020.SDS of cas: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Synthetic polymers constitute one of the main carbon-containing wastes generated nowadays. In this study, combined hydrothermal liquefaction (co-HTL) is evaluated for 1:1 mixtures of Miscanthus giganteus and different synthetic polymers-including poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), bisphenol-A-based epoxy resin, high-d. polyethylene (HDPE), low-d. polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 6/6 (PA66), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane foam (PUR)-using batch HTL at 350°C. Based on oil yields and composition, a comprehensive discussion of observed interactions is presented. The results show that even though polyolefins do not depolymerize under these conditions, the oil products depict that these materials interact with miscanthus biocrude changing its composition Bisphenol-A-based polymers as PC and epoxy resins both contribute to the formation of monomer-like structures in the biocrude. PET increases the presence of carboxyl groups, while polyamides and PUR increase significantly the oil yield, modifying the biocrude composition toward nitrogen-containing mols. PUR co-HTL was found to increase oil, carbon, and energy yields, leading to process improvement when compared to pure miscanthus processing. HTL of synthetic polymers and biomass can be an opportunity for sustainable recycling of chems. in a synergistic, multipurpose process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2SDS of cas: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.SDS of cas: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Synthetic Polymers and Miscanthus giganteus: Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects was written by Souza dos Passos, Juliano;Glasius, Marianne;Biller, Patrick. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Synthetic polymers constitute one of the main carbon-containing wastes generated nowadays. In this study, combined hydrothermal liquefaction (co-HTL) is evaluated for 1:1 mixtures of Miscanthus giganteus and different synthetic polymers-including poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), bisphenol-A-based epoxy resin, high-d. polyethylene (HDPE), low-d. polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 6/6 (PA66), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyurethane foam (PUR)-using batch HTL at 350°C. Based on oil yields and composition, a comprehensive discussion of observed interactions is presented. The results show that even though polyolefins do not depolymerize under these conditions, the oil products depict that these materials interact with miscanthus biocrude changing its composition Bisphenol-A-based polymers as PC and epoxy resins both contribute to the formation of monomer-like structures in the biocrude. PET increases the presence of carboxyl groups, while polyamides and PUR increase significantly the oil yield, modifying the biocrude composition toward nitrogen-containing mols. PUR co-HTL was found to increase oil, carbon, and energy yields, leading to process improvement when compared to pure miscanthus processing. HTL of synthetic polymers and biomass can be an opportunity for sustainable recycling of chems. in a synergistic, multipurpose process. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification of new antiviral agents against Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) by high-throughput drug screening reveals the role of histamine-related signaling in promoting viral lytic reactivation was written by Chen, Jungang;Dai, Lu;Goldstein, Alana;Zhang, Haiwei;Tang, Wei;Forrest, J. Craig;Post, Steven R.;Chen, Xulin;Qin, Zhiqiang. And the article was included in PLoS Pathogens in 2019.Recommanded Product: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, we have established a high-throughput screening assay by using an inducible KSHV+ cell-line, iSLK.219. After screening a compound library that consisted of 1280 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, 15 hit compounds that effectively inhibited KSHV virion production were identified, most of which have never been reported with anti-KSHV activities. Interestingly, 3 of these drugs target histamine receptors or signaling. Our data further confirmed that antagonists targeting different histamine receptors (HxRs) displayed excellent inhibitory effects on KSHV lytic replication from induced iSLK.219 or BCBL-1 cells. In contrast, histamine and specific agonists of HxRs promoted viral lytic replication from induced iSLK.219 or KSHVinfected primary cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that downstream MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were required for histamine/receptors mediated promotion of KSHV lytic replication. Direct knockdown of HxRs in iSLK.219 cells effectively blocked viral lytic gene expression during induction. Using samples from a cohort of HIV+ patients, we found that the KSHV+ group has much higher levels of histamine in their plasma and saliva than the KSHV- group. Taken together, our data have identified new anti-KSHV agents and provided novel insights into the mol. bases of host factors that contribute to lytic replication and reactivation of this oncogenic herpesvirus. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tetrafluorophenylene-Containing Vinylbenzyl Ether-Terminated Oligo(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) with Better Thermal, Dielectric, and Flame-Retardant Properties for Application in High-Frequency Communication was written by Chen, Yi-Chun;Reddy, Kamani Sudhir K.;Lin, Yu-An;Wang, Meng-Wei;Lin, Ching-Hsuan. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In an integrated circuit, signal propagation loss is proportional to the frequency, dissipation factor (D_f), and square root of dielec. constant (D_k). The loss becomes obvious as we move to high-frequency communication. Therefore, a polymer having low D_k and D_f is critical for copper-clad laminates at higher frequencies. For this purpose, a 4-vinylbenzyl ether phenoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene-terminated OPE (VT-OPE) resin was synthesized and its properties were compared with the thermoset of com. OPE-2St resin. The thermoset of VT-OPE shows a higher T_g (242 vs. 229°C), a relatively high crosslinking d. (1.59 vs. 1.41 mmole cm^-3), a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (55 vs. 76 ppm/°C), better dielec. characteristic at 10 GHz (D_k values of 2.58 vs. 2.75, D_f values of 0.005 vs. 0.006), lower water absorption (0.135 vs. 0.312 weight %), and better flame retardancy (UL-94 VTM-0 vs. VTM-1 with dropping seriously) than the thermoset of OPE-2St. To verify the practicability of VT-OPE for copper-clad laminate, a laboratory process was also performed to prepare a copper-clad laminate, which shows a high peeling strength with copper foil (5.5 lb/in), high thermal reliability with a solder dipping test at 288°C (>600 s), and the time for delamination of the laminate in thermal mech. anal. (TMA) at 288°C is over 60 min. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Tetrafluorophenylene-Containing Vinylbenzyl Ether-Terminated Oligo(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) with Better Thermal, Dielectric, and Flame-Retardant Properties for Application in High-Frequency Communication was written by Chen, Yi-Chun;Reddy, Kamani Sudhir K.;Lin, Yu-An;Wang, Meng-Wei;Lin, Ching-Hsuan. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.Safety of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In an integrated circuit, signal propagation loss is proportional to the frequency, dissipation factor (D_f), and square root of dielec. constant (D_k). The loss becomes obvious as we move to high-frequency communication. Therefore, a polymer having low D_k and D_f is critical for copper-clad laminates at higher frequencies. For this purpose, a 4-vinylbenzyl ether phenoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenylene-terminated OPE (VT-OPE) resin was synthesized and its properties were compared with the thermoset of com. OPE-2St resin. The thermoset of VT-OPE shows a higher T_g (242 vs. 229°C), a relatively high crosslinking d. (1.59 vs. 1.41 mmole cm^-3), a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (55 vs. 76 ppm/°C), better dielec. characteristic at 10 GHz (D_k values of 2.58 vs. 2.75, D_f values of 0.005 vs. 0.006), lower water absorption (0.135 vs. 0.312 weight %), and better flame retardancy (UL-94 VTM-0 vs. VTM-1 with dropping seriously) than the thermoset of OPE-2St. To verify the practicability of VT-OPE for copper-clad laminate, a laboratory process was also performed to prepare a copper-clad laminate, which shows a high peeling strength with copper foil (5.5 lb/in), high thermal reliability with a solder dipping test at 288°C (>600 s), and the time for delamination of the laminate in thermal mech. anal. (TMA) at 288°C is over 60 min. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Safety of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mechanism Study on Depolymerization of the α-O-4 Linkage Lignin Model Compound in Supercritical Ethanol System was written by Jiang, Weikun;Wu, Shubin. And the article was included in Waste and Biomass Valorization in 2019.Computed Properties of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The aim of this study was to explore the conversion mechanism of α-O-4 linkage lignin dimer model compound (monobenzone) in supercritical ethanol. The decomposition processes of monobenzone were investigated at different reaction time (0-12 h), conversion temperature (250-310 °) and initial concentrations (0.01-0.03 g/mL). The reaction mechanism and pathways were proposed based on the distribution of products, the bond dissociation energies and the free radical theory. The results showed almost complete degradation was achieved in supercritical ethanol system. A higher temperature, a longer reaction time and a higher initial concentration significantly promoted the formation of solid residue due to the condensation reactions of the degradation intermediates/products. Based on the formation mechanism of products, the conversion products were classified into three types: (1) its own fragmentation compounds, (2) condensation compounds of its intermediates and (3) the second fragmentation compounds of its intermediates. A depolymerization reaction mechanism of monobenzone that primarily involved homolytic cleavage of the C_α-O linkage was proposed. In addition, the bibenzyl were an important and unstable intermediate product, it can continue to produce many different radical species that can participate in a variety of reaction mechanisms, resulting in complex reaction pathways and products distribution, even forming higher-mol. weight solid residue. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Computed Properties of C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem