Category: 103-16-2

Catalytic depolymerization of lignin via transfer hydrogenation strategy over skeletal CuZnAl catalyst was written by Huang, Yao-Bing;Zhang, Ji-Long;Zhang, Xuan;Luan, Xue;Chen, Hao-Ze;Hu, Bin;Zhao, Li;Wu, Yu-Long;Lu, Qiang. And the article was included in Fuel Processing Technology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Selective cleavage of the aromatic C-O bonds in lignin is a crucial step for lignin valorization to produce value-added chems., however, the development of efficient catalysts for mild conversions is still challenging. Herein, non-precious skeletal CuZnAl catalysts were firstly reported for the depolymerization of lignin dimers and real organosolv lignin via the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) method. Typical lignin dimers, including α-O-4, β-O-4 and 4-O-5 types, were all effectively converted to the corresponding aromatics and alcs. in isopropanol under mild reaction condition. Furthermore, birch organosolv lignin was also well depolymerized into monophenols in 56.1 wt% yield. Experiments revealed that the water brought by the wet catalyst effectively promoted the C-O bond cleavage, but slightly decreased the catalyst reactivity toward hydrogenation in isopropanol. Reaction evolution profiles and control experiments suggested that three reaction pathways were included, with the C-O ether bond cleavage and subsequent hydrogenolysis taking precedence over the dehydrogenation or hydrodeoxygenation routes. This work provides an economical and environmentally-friendly method for the selective cleavage of lignin and lignin model compounds into value-added chems., which holds great promise in industrial application. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemical induced pathognomonic features observed in human vitiligo are mediated through miR-2909 RNomics pathway was written by Kaushik, Hitaishi;Kaul, Deepak;Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil;Parsad, Davinder. And the article was included in Journal of Dermatological Science in 2020.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was attempt to understand miR-2909 RNomics in vitiligo pathogenesis using MBEH treated primary melanocytes as an archetype cellular model because MBEH causes pathol. features indistinguishable from clin. vitiligo. Primary melanocytes were treated with MBEH and 4-TBP and the role of miR-2909 RNomics at transcriptional and translational level was explored through qRT-PCR, western blot anal., flow cytometry, immunocytochem., immunohistochem. and in silico binding affinities. 4 mm punch biopsies were also obtained from lesional sites of vitiligo patients to validate the results observed in cell culture experiments MBEH induced miR-2909 RNomics led to downregulation of MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2 leading to decreased melanin synthesis which in turn is a characteristic trait of vitiligo. On the other hand, 4-TBP increased TGF-β which also has the intrinsic capacity to downregulate MITF leading to decreased melanin synthesis and thereby initiation of vitiligo. Based upon our results we propose a mol. pathway which has the inherent capacity to resolve the mechanism through which these chems. may induce vitiligo. This mechanism was also found to be involved in the lesional biopsies of vitiligo patients. These results could be exploited in better understanding the pathogenesis as well as in treatment of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemical induced pathognomonic features observed in human vitiligo are mediated through miR-2909 RNomics pathway was written by Kaushik, Hitaishi;Kaul, Deepak;Kumaran, Muthu Sendhil;Parsad, Davinder. And the article was included in Journal of Dermatological Science in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study was attempt to understand miR-2909 RNomics in vitiligo pathogenesis using MBEH treated primary melanocytes as an archetype cellular model because MBEH causes pathol. features indistinguishable from clin. vitiligo. Primary melanocytes were treated with MBEH and 4-TBP and the role of miR-2909 RNomics at transcriptional and translational level was explored through qRT-PCR, western blot anal., flow cytometry, immunocytochem., immunohistochem. and in silico binding affinities. 4 mm punch biopsies were also obtained from lesional sites of vitiligo patients to validate the results observed in cell culture experiments MBEH induced miR-2909 RNomics led to downregulation of MITF, TYR, TYRP1, and TYRP2 leading to decreased melanin synthesis which in turn is a characteristic trait of vitiligo. On the other hand, 4-TBP increased TGF-β which also has the intrinsic capacity to downregulate MITF leading to decreased melanin synthesis and thereby initiation of vitiligo. Based upon our results we propose a mol. pathway which has the inherent capacity to resolve the mechanism through which these chems. may induce vitiligo. This mechanism was also found to be involved in the lesional biopsies of vitiligo patients. These results could be exploited in better understanding the pathogenesis as well as in treatment of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Virtual screening and drug repurposing experiments to identify potential novel selective MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson’s disease treatment was written by Crisan, Luminita;Istrate, Daniela;Bora, Alina;Pacureanu, Liliana. And the article was included in Molecular Diversity in 2021.Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The main study’s purpose is to detect novel natural products (NPs) that are potentially selective MAO-B inhibitors and, addnl., to computationally reposition the marketed drugs with a new therapeutic role for Parkinson’s disease. To reach the goals, 3D similarity search, docking, ADMETox, and drug repurposing approaches were employed. Thus, an unbiased benchmarking dataset was built including selective and nonselective inhibitors for MAO-B compliant with both ligand- and structure-based virtual screening approaches. A retrospective and prospective mining scenario was applied to SPECS NP and DrugBank databases to detect novel scaffolds with potential benefits for Parkinson’s disease patients. Out of the three best selected natural products, cardamomin showed excellently predicted drug-like properties, superior pharmacol. profile, and specific interactions with MAO-B active site, indicating a potential selectivity over MAO-B. Two marketed drugs, fenamisal and monobenzone, were proposed as promising candidates repurposed for Parkinson’s disease. The application of shape, physicochem., and electrostatic similarity searches protocol emerged as a plausible solution to explore MAO-B inhibitors selectivity. This protocol might serve as a rewarding tool in early drug discovery and can be extended to other protein targets. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy was written by Piapan, Linda;Mauro, Marcella;Martinuzzo, Chiara;Larese Filon, Francesca. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background : Hairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work. Objectives : To investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy. Methods : A total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north-eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analyzed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016. Results : Sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, and p-aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers). Conclusions : Sensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy was written by Piapan, Linda;Mauro, Marcella;Martinuzzo, Chiara;Larese Filon, Francesca. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background : Hairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work. Objectives : To investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy. Methods : A total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north-eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analyzed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016. Results : Sensitization to p-phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, and N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene-2,5-diamine, and p-aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers). Conclusions : Sensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north-eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.HPLC of Formula: 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Successful Treatment of Vitiligo with Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Hydrogel was written by Zhai, Siyue;Xu, Meifeng;Li, Qiaosong;Guo, Kun;Chen, Hailan;Kong, Michael G.;Xia, Yumin. And the article was included in Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in lesions. Cold atm. plasma (CAP) possesses pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may offer an improvement to current treatment options. In this study, the efficacy and safety of CAP were investigated in a mouse model of vitiligo and a randomized and controlled trial of patients with active focal vitiligo. Skin biopsies showed that topical treatment of vitiligo-like lesions on mouse dorsal skin by CAP restored the distribution of melanin. In addition, CAP treatment reduced the infiltration of CD11c⁺ dendritic cells, CD3⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells; inhibited the release of CXCL10 and cytokine IFN-γ; and enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress and excessive immune response by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and attenuating the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In a randomized and controlled trial, CAP treatment achieved partial and complete repigmentation in 80% and 20% of vitiligo lesions, resp., without hyperpigmentation in surrounding areas or other adverse events during the treatment period and its follow-up period. In conclusion, CAP offers a promising option for the management of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of 4-Benzyloxyphenol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Successful Treatment of Vitiligo with Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Hydrogel was written by Zhai, Siyue;Xu, Meifeng;Li, Qiaosong;Guo, Kun;Chen, Hailan;Kong, Michael G.;Xia, Yumin. And the article was included in Journal of Investigative Dermatology in 2021.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vitiligo shows insufficient response to current therapies largely owing to T-lymphocyte dysfunction, abnormal inflammatory activation, and excessive oxidative stress in lesions. Cold atm. plasma (CAP) possesses pleiotropic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may offer an improvement to current treatment options. In this study, the efficacy and safety of CAP were investigated in a mouse model of vitiligo and a randomized and controlled trial of patients with active focal vitiligo. Skin biopsies showed that topical treatment of vitiligo-like lesions on mouse dorsal skin by CAP restored the distribution of melanin. In addition, CAP treatment reduced the infiltration of CD11c⁺ dendritic cells, CD3⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ T cells; inhibited the release of CXCL10 and cytokine IFN-γ; and enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress and excessive immune response by enhancing the expression of the transcription factor NRF2 and attenuating the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In a randomized and controlled trial, CAP treatment achieved partial and complete repigmentation in 80% and 20% of vitiligo lesions, resp., without hyperpigmentation in surrounding areas or other adverse events during the treatment period and its follow-up period. In conclusion, CAP offers a promising option for the management of vitiligo. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective organic phase hydrodeoxygenation of typical phenolic monomers and two lignin oils over highly active Pd/Hβ catalyst for high-grade bio-fuel production was written by Hu, Lin;Wei, Xian-Yong;Xu, Mei-Ling;Kang, Yu-Hong;Guo, Xian-Hou;Zhang, Feng-Bin;Zong, Zhi-Min;Bai, Hong-Cun. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering in 2021.Product Details of 103-16-2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived bio-oil still meets the great challenges due to its complex oxygenated organic component. In this research, first time, Pd-based zeolite catalysts were prepared by the modified deposition-precipitation (DP) method for the HDO conversion of guaiacol. Notably, for the same Si/Al ratio of zeolite, Pd_2%/Hβ catalyst showed the higher catalytic activity on the HDO of guaiacol than that Pd_2%/M and Pd_2%/HZSM-5 catalyst, which mainly originated from the synergetic effect between metal nanoparticles size and acid sites of catalyst. As one of typical phenolic monomers, guaiacol can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons under the condition of 220°C, 3 MPa H₂, and 4 h in n-hexane over Pd_2%/Hβ (DP) catalyst. This highly active catalyst exhibited the good recyclability in the HDO conversion of guaiacol. In addition, other typical phenolic monomers can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons over this highly active catalyst. Considering this, after HDO upgrading, real lignin oil (RLO) can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons with the carbon number (CN) in range of C7-C15. This work highlighted that the depolymerization monomers from lignin can be further upgraded by this high active catalyst through HDO to obtain jet hydrocarbons fuel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Product Details of 103-16-2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 103-16-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Selective organic phase hydrodeoxygenation of typical phenolic monomers and two lignin oils over highly active Pd/Hβ catalyst for high-grade bio-fuel production was written by Hu, Lin;Wei, Xian-Yong;Xu, Mei-Ling;Kang, Yu-Hong;Guo, Xian-Hou;Zhang, Feng-Bin;Zong, Zhi-Min;Bai, Hong-Cun. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering in 2021.Computed Properties of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived bio-oil still meets the great challenges due to its complex oxygenated organic component. In this research, first time, Pd-based zeolite catalysts were prepared by the modified deposition-precipitation (DP) method for the HDO conversion of guaiacol. Notably, for the same Si/Al ratio of zeolite, Pd_2%/Hβ catalyst showed the higher catalytic activity on the HDO of guaiacol than that Pd_2%/M and Pd_2%/HZSM-5 catalyst, which mainly originated from the synergetic effect between metal nanoparticles size and acid sites of catalyst. As one of typical phenolic monomers, guaiacol can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons under the condition of 220°C, 3 MPa H₂, and 4 h in n-hexane over Pd_2%/Hβ (DP) catalyst. This highly active catalyst exhibited the good recyclability in the HDO conversion of guaiacol. In addition, other typical phenolic monomers can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons over this highly active catalyst. Considering this, after HDO upgrading, real lignin oil (RLO) can be converted into high yield of hydrocarbons with the carbon number (CN) in range of C7-C15. This work highlighted that the depolymerization monomers from lignin can be further upgraded by this high active catalyst through HDO to obtain jet hydrocarbons fuel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2Computed Properties of C13H12O2).

4-Benzyloxyphenol (cas: 103-16-2) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem