In 2022,Ahsin, Atazaz; Jadoon, Tabish; Ayub, Khurshid published an article in Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems & Nanostructures (Amsterdam, Netherlands). The title of the article was 《M@[12-crown-4] and M@[15-crown-5] where (M=Li, Na, and K); the very first examples of non-conventional one alkali metal-containing alkalides with remarkable static and dynamic NLO response》.Synthetic Route of C10H20O5 The author mentioned the following in the article:
Excess electron compounds, such as alkalides, were shown to be promising nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with higher static and frequency-dependent nonlinearities. The intriguing alkalides are obtained after doping the alkali metals with crown ethers M@[12-crown-4] and M@[15-crown-5] (where M=Li, Na, and K). The studied complexes are thermodynamically stable and their interactions energies range from -66.51 to -3.51 kcal mol-1. The geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties are validated through d. functional theory at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The significant (neg.) NBO charge present on alkali metals reveals their alkalide characteristics. Furthermore, reduced HOMO-LUMO gaps for the designed complexes show their excellent electronic and conductive properties. Being excess electron candidate the significant static first hyperpolarizability value increased up to 1.2 x 107 au where the βvec response recorded up to 1.1 x 107 au. The total hyperpolarizability nicely correlates with hyperpolarizability (βtl) which suggests their excellent NLO properties. Besides, the dynamic hyperpolarizability response for electro-optical pockel’s effect β(-2ω;ω,0) increases up to 3.5 x 107 au at dispersion frequency of 1064 nm. The dynamic hyperpolarizability responses for SHG are much pronounced at the larger dispersion frequency. The dynamic second hyperpolarizability response for the dc-Kerr effect increases up to 6.4 x 109 au. The frequency-dependent NLO response of M@[12-crown-4] alkalides is slightly larger than those of M@[12-crown-4]. Moreover, the hyper Rayleigh scattering hyperpolarizability (βHRS) value is calculated up to 3.4 x 106 au. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5Synthetic Route of C10H20O5)
1,4,7,10,13-Pentaoxacyclopentadecane(cas: 33100-27-5) is a member of crown ether Ligands. Crown-ethers are macrocyclic polyethers capable of forming host-guest complexes, especially with inorganic and organic cations. Crown-ethers can incorporate protonated primary amine compounds by formation of ion-dipole bonds with the oxygen atoms of the chiral selector. Crown-ethers have been widely used for the separation of several pharmaceuticals both in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Synthetic Route of C10H20O5
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem