The Untargeted Capability of NMR Helps Recognizing Nefarious Adulteration in Natural Products was written by Kim, Seon Beom;Bisson, Jonathan;Friesen, J. Brent;Bucchini, Luca;Gafner, Stefan;Lankin, David C.;Chen, Shao-Nong;Pauli, Guido F.;McAlpine, James B.. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Products in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Curcuma longa (turmeric) has an extensive history of ethnomedical use for common ailments, and “curcumin”-containing dietary supplements (CDS) are a highly visible portion of today’s self-medication market. Owing to raw material cost pressure, CDS products are affected by economically motivated, nefarious adulteration with synthetic curcumin (“syncumin”), possibly leading to unexpected toxicol. issues due to “residual” impurities. Using a combination of targeted and untargeted (phyto)chem. anal., this study investigated the botanical integrity of two com. “turmeric” CDS with vitamin and other additives that were associated with reported clin. cases of hepatotoxicity. Analyzing multisolvent extracts of the CDS by 100% quant. 1H NMR (qHNMR), alone and in combination with countercurrent separation (CCS), provided chem. fingerprints that allowed both the targeted identification and quantification of declared components and the untargeted recognition of adulteration. While confirming the presence of curcumin as a major constituent, the universal detection capability of NMR spectroscopy identification of significant residual impurities, including potentially toxic components. While the loss-free nature of CCS captured a wide polarity range of declared and unwanted chem. components, and also increased the dynamic range of the anal., (q)HNMR determined their mass proportions and chem. constitutions. The results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy can recognize undeclared constituents even if they represent only a fraction of the mass balance of a dietary supplement product. The chem. information associated with the missing 4.8% and 7.4% (m/m) in the two com. samples, exhibiting an otherwise adequate curcumin content of 95.2% and 92.6%, resp., pointed to a product integrity issue and adulteration with undeclared synthetic curcumin. Impurities from synthesis are most plausibly the cause of the observed adverse clin. effects. The study exemplifies how the simultaneously targeted and untargeted anal. principle of the 100% qHNMR method, performed with entry-level high-field instrumentation (400 MHz), can enhance the safety of dietary supplements by identifying adulterated, non-natural “natural” products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0).
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (cas: 33171-05-0) belongs to ethers. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 33171-05-0
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem