Month: February 2023

Biosynthesis of Antroquinonol and 4-Acetylantroquinonol B via a Polyketide Pathway Using Orsellinic Acid as a Ring Precursor in Antrodia cinnamomea was written by Chou, Kevin Chi-Chung;Yang, Shang-Han;Wu, Hsiang-Lin;Lin, Pei-Yin;Chang, Tsu-Liang;Sheu, Fuu;Chen, Kai-Hsien;Chiang, Been-Huang. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Antroquinonol (AQ) and 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), isolated from the submerged fermentation mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, have similar chem. backbone to that of coenzyme Q (CoQ). Based on the postulation that biosynthesis of both AQ and 4-AAQB in A. cinnamomea starts from polyketide pathway, the authors cultivated this fungus in a culture medium containing [U-13C]oleic acid, then analyzed the crude extracts of the mycelium using UHPLC-MS. The authors found that AQ and 4-AAQB follow the similar biosynthetic sequences as that of CoQ. Obvious [13C2] fragments on the ring backbone were detected in mass spectrum for [13C2]AQ, [13C2]4-AAQB and their [13C2] intermediates found in this study. The orsellinic acid, formed from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA via polyketide pathway, was found to be a novel benzoquinone ring precursor for AQ and 4-AAQB. The identification of endogenously synthesized farnesylated intermediates allows the authors to postulate the routes of AQ and 4-AAQB biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A mesoporous NNN-pincer-based metal-organic framework scaffold for the preparation of noble-metal-free catalysts was written by Zhang, Yingmu;Li, Jialuo;Yang, Xinyu;Zhang, Peng;Pang, Jiandong;Li, Bao;Zhou, Hong-Cai. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Through topol.-guided synthesis, a Zr-based mesoporous MOF was successfully constructed, adopting a β-cristobalite-type structure. The MOF is embedded with well-arranged terpyridine coordination sites for facile post-synthetic metalation, and can be effectively used as a general scaffold for the preparation of noble-metal-free catalysts. For instance, the scaffolded metal@MOF material exhibits highly efficient catalytic activity for alkene epoxidation and arene borylation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermal and Reactive Oxygen Species Dual-Responsive OEGylated Polysulfides with Oxidation-Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures was written by Chen, Runhai;Xiang, Zehong;Xia, Yu;Ma, Zhifang;Shi, Qiang;Wong, Shing-Chung;Yin, Jinghua. And the article was included in Macromolecular Rapid Communications in 2020.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

In this work, two monomethoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-substituted episulfides are prepared and a series of polysulfides are synthesized with subsequent ring-opening polymerization The OEGylated polysulfides exhibit thermal and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dual-responsive behavior. Their lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) are close to human body temperature and depend on the d.p. and OEG length. Notably, the LCST of the polysulfide increases linearly with the oxidation degree by H₂O₂, showing a highly tunable change regulated by the ratio between hydrophobic sulfide and hydrophilic sulfoxide/sulfone in the backbone. Further, the OEGylated polysulfide can act as a ROS scavenger to protect red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative damage in an RBCs aging model in vitro. This work paves a facile way to synthesize LCST-tunable polysulfides, which hold great promise in biol. applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Silver-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides: an efficient route to γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives was written by Fang, Zeguo;Xie, Lin;Wang, Liang;Zhang, Qian;Li, Dong. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives through a Ag₂O-catalyzed cascade cyclization and functionalization of N-aryl-4-pentenamides, e.g., I was developed. Related 2-oxazolidinone substituted quinone products can be also obtained with N-aryl allyl carbamates. The reactions proceed through an amidyl radical-initiated 5-exo-trig cyclization and followed radical addition to quinones. They provide an efficient route to various γ-lactam-substituted quinone derivatives with a wide range of substrate scope. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enabling CO Insertion into o-Nitrostyrenes beyond Reduction for Selective Access to Indolin-2-one and Dihydroquinolin-2-one Derivatives was written by Yang, Li;Shi, Lijun;Xing, Qi;Huang, Kuo-Wei;Xia, Chungu;Li, Fuwei. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2018.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The transition metal-catalyzed reductive cyclization of o-nitrostyrene in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) has been developed to be a general synthetic route to an indole skeleton, wherein CO was used as a reductant to deoxidize nitroarene into nitrosoarene and/or nitrene with CO₂ release, but the selective insertion of CO into the heterocyclic product with higher atom economy has not yet been realized. Herein, the Pd-catalyzed reduction of o-nitrostyrene by CO and its regioselective insertion were efficiently achieved to produce synthetically useful five- and six-membered benzo-fused lactams. Detailed investigations revealed that the chemoselectivity to indole or lactam was sensitive to the nature of the counteranions of Pd²⁺ precursors, whereas ligands significantly decided the carbonylative regioselectivity by different reaction pathways. Using PdCl₂/PPh₃/B(OH)₃ (condition A), an olefin hydrocarboxylation was primarily initiated followed by partial reduction of the NO₂ moiety and cyclization reaction to give N-hydroxyl indolin-2-one, which was further catalytically reduced by CO to afford the indolin-2-one as the final product with up to 95% yield. When the reaction was conducted under the Pd(TFA)₂/BINAP/TsOH·H₂O system (condition B), complete deoxygenation and carbonylation of the NO₂ group occurred initially to yield the corresponding isocyanate followed by internal hydrocyclization to generate 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-one with up to 98% yield. Importantly, the methodol. could be efficiently applied in the synthesis of marketed drug Aripiprazole. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8COA of Formula: C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nucleophilic substitutions on bromotriazolopyridines – an improved route to 2,6-disubstituted pyridines and to 1,3-disubstituted isoquinolines was written by Abarca, Belen;Ballesteros, Rafael;Jones, Gurnos;Mojarrad, Fatemeh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1986.Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

2,6-Disubstituted pyridines I (R = OMe, R¹ = R² = H; R = piperidino, R¹ = Me, R² = Ac), II (R = 4-MeOC₆H₄O, OMe), and 1-formyl-3-methoxyisoquinoline (III) were prepared by ring opening of the triazolopyridines IV and triazoloisoquinolines V. IV and V (R = Li) were brominated to IV and V (R = Br), which were treated with nucleophiles to give IV and V (R = OMe, OC₆H₄OMe-4, SPh, piperidino, NHNH₂; R³ = H, Me, CONEt₂). Ring opening of IV and V with SeO₂ or acid gave I, II, and 3-methoxyisoquinoline-1-carboxaldehyde. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol).

(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol (cas: 63071-12-5) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: (6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Regioselective Aromatic Borylation in an Inert Solvent was written by Tse, Man Kin;Cho, Jian-Yang;Smith, Milton R. III. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2001.Product Details of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

A protocol for performing Rh catalyzed aromatic borylations in cyclohexane has been devised. Borylation at the 5-position of several 1,3-substituted aromatic species ranging from electron-rich (1,3-(NMe₂)₂C₆H₄) to electron-deficient (1,3-(CF₃)₂C₆H₄) using pinacolborane in the presence of (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Rh(η⁴-C₆Me₆) precatalyst, yielded the corresponding aryl boronate esters. Veratrole was selectively borylated at the 4-position, thus extending regioselectivity to 1,2-substituted benzenes. Selective borylation at the 3-position of an N-protected pyrrole was also been demonstrated, providing a valuable reagent for cross-coupling reactions in a single step. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Product Details of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Product Details of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Using choline nitrate as solvent and oxidant in direct oxidation of organic halides and alcohols to aldehyde and its derivatives was written by Jafari, Mohammadreza;Heydari, Akbar. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Choline nitrate was prepared by the anion exchange of choline chloride and sodium nitrate. Also, choline chloride gave a low m.p. mixture in the presence of aluminum nitrate. The use of choline nitrate as a safe and environmentally friendly solvent and reagent provided an efficient procedure, simple and mild for oxidizing alcs. and organic halides to aldehydes and ketones R-R¹ [R = Ph, 3-MeC₆H₄, 2-ClC₆H₄, etc.; R¹ = CHO, C(O)Me]. Aldehydes using choline nitrate and trimethylsilyl chloride mixture as a selective oxidant and without using catalysts were synthesized from alcs. and the relevant halides. Benzyl chloride in the presence of choline nitrate and trimethylsilyl chloride at 70°C produced the corresponding aldehyde product with 87% efficiency, while benzyl alc. at 50°C with 90% efficiency performed this conversion. The prepared aldehyde was easily separated from the reaction medium by vacuum distillation or extraction by organic solvent without the need for further purification In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Application In Synthesis of (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and characterization of zinc sensors based on a monosubstituted fluorescein platform was written by Nolan, Elizabeth M.;Burdette, Shawn C.;Harvey, Jessica H.;Hilderbrand, Scott A.;Lippard, Stephen J.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2004.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a new fluorescein carboxaldehyde asym. substituted on the xanthene (top) ring is reported. This mol. is a key precursor for two of three monofunctionally derivatized fluorescein-based Zn(II) sensors presented in this work. Detailed preparative routes to, and photophys. characterization of, these sensors are described. The sensors are based on the previously reported ZP4 motif by the authors (2003) and incorporate a di(2-picolyl)amine-containing aniline-derivatized ligand framework. By varying the nature of the substituent para to the aniline nitrogen atom, which is responsible for photoinduced electron transfer quenching the unbound ZP dye, we investigated the extent to which such electronic tuning might improve the fluorescent properties of asym. ZP sensors. Although a comparison of probes with X = H, F, Cl, OMe reveals that the photophys. behavior of these dyes is not readily predictable, our methodol. illustrates the ease with which aniline-based ligands may be linked to fluorescein dyes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Water-Processable Self-Doped Conducting Polymers via Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization was written by Beaumont, Catherine;Turgeon, Josyane;Idir, Mael;Neusser, David;Lapointe, Rosalie;Caron, Samuel;Dupont, William;D’Astous, Dominic;Shamsuddin, Sareeha;Hamza, Sarah;Landry, Eric;Ludwigs, Sabine;Leclerc, Mario. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2021.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of water-processable self-doped polymers has been achieved by direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) using water as a cosolvent. The introduction of a counterion covalently attached to the backbone of the polymers enhanced their solubility and the stability of the solutions Those polymers have shown air-stable elec. conductivities up to 50 S cm^-1 without the use of any post-treatment. The good water processability of these conducting polymers is promising for printed electronics in a wide range of applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem