Month: February 2023

Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 2,2′-Diiodobiphenyls with Alkynes: Synthesis and Applications of Phenanthrenes was written by Lin, Yu-De;Cho, Chun-Lung;Ko, Chih-Wei;Pulte, Anna;Wu, Yao-Ting. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2012.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne This article mentions the following:

A range of phenanthrene derivatives was efficiently synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed annulation of 2,2′-diiodobiphenyls with alkynes. The scope, limitations and regioselectivity of the reaction were investigated. The described method was adopted to synthesize 9,10-dialkylphenanthrenes, sterically overcrowded 4,5-disubstituted phenanthrenes and phenanthrene-based alkaloids. Reactions of highly methoxy-substituted biphenyls with 2-(2-propynyl)pyrrolidine and 2-(2-propynyl)piperidine gave 2-(9-phenanthrylmethyl)pyrrolidines and 2-(9-phenanthrylmethyl)piperidines, resp. The products were transformed to phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids by the Pictet-Spengler reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Practical Electrochemical Iodination of Aromatic Compounds was written by Kataoka, Kazuhide;Hagiwara, Yuji;Midorikawa, Koji;Suga, Seiji;Yoshida, Jun-ichi. And the article was included in Organic Process Research & Development in 2008.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A practical method for electrochem. iodination of aromatic compounds was developed. The method involves the generation of I⁺ by electrochem. oxidation of I₂ in MeCN using H₂SO₄ as supporting electrolyte followed by the reaction with aromatic compounds The para/ortho selectivity for the reaction of monosubstituted benzenes was significantly improved using dimethoxyethane as cosolvent in the 2nd step. The reaction with highly reactive aromatic compounds gave significant amounts of diiodo compounds in a macrobatch reactor. This problem was solved by fast 1:1 mixing of I⁺ with an aromatic compound using a microflow system consisting of a T-shaped micromixer and a microtube reactor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

PVC-NHC-Pd(0): An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for highly cis-selective semi hydrogenation of alkynes using formic acid as hydrogen source was written by Zheng, Waner;Zhou, Yuemin;Li, Yiqun. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry Communications in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1 This article mentions the following:

PVC-NHC-Pd(0) catalyst was prepared and exerted to highly cis-selective semi hydrogenation of diarylacetylene using formic acid as hydrogen source under mild condition. The as-prepared catalyst was well characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, ¹H NMR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, and TGA. The catalyst can be easily recovered and recycled without loss of its activity and selectivity owing to the metal-ligand interaction between Pd(0) with polymeric NHC ligands. This protocol is an attractive alternative of the classical Lindlar’s hydrogenation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 39969-26-1

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp²)-H Borylation of Arenes was written by Das, Arpan;Hota, Pradip Kumar;Mandal, Swadhin K.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2019.SDS of cas: 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, C(sp²)-H borylation of arenes was accomplished by a nickel catalyst, resulting in good yield. Alkyl and alkoxy arenes were successfully functionalized, affording C(sp²)-H borylated compounds It was unraveled that the well-defined abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene based Ni(II) complex breaks into Ni nanoparticles (Ni-NPs), which act as catalytically active species. A series of controlled reactions under stoichiometric conditions along with spectroscopic studies and single-crystal x-ray crystallog. study helped us to understand the formation of Ni-NPs along with formation of a boron(III) compound during this reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4SDS of cas: 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design, synthesis and in vitro antibacterial/antifungal evaluation of novel 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives was written by Yu, Zhiyi;Shi, Guanying;Sun, Qiu;Jin, Hong;Teng, Yun;Tao, Ke;Zhou, Guoping;Liu, Wei;Wen, Fang;Hou, Taiping. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2009.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

A series of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (norfloxacin) derivatives I (R = 2-furanyl, 3-pyridinyl, 2-ClC₆H₄OCH₂, etc.) were prepared according to the principle of combining bioactive substructures, and tested for activity against five plant pathogenic bacteria and three fungi in vitro. The preliminary bioassays indicated that almost all the synthesized target compounds retained the antibacterial activities of norfloxacin and had some antifungal activities as seen with carboxamide compounds The activities of compounds I (R = 2-furanyl, Ph) against Xanthomonas oryzae were better than norfloxacin and all tested compounds had better antibacterial activities as compared to the agricultural streptomycin sulfate (a com. bactericide) against X. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis and Erwinia aroideae. Addnl., compounds I [R = (E)-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl, (E)-4-MeOC₆H₄CH:CH] displayed good antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani and their inhibition of growth reached 83% and 94% resp. at the concentration of 200 mg/L. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Palladium on manganese ferrite: an efficient catalyst for ligand free decarboxylative Sonogashira reaction with arene diazonium tetrafluoroborate was written by Jadhav, Vilas G.;Sarode, Sachin A.;Nagarkar, Jayashree M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene This article mentions the following:

We herein report synthesis of diarylacetylenes using phenylpropiolic acids and propiolic acid with arenediazonium salts catalyzed by Pd-MnFe₂O₄. The catalyst was prepared by one-pot ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation method without any capping agent. Ligand free and co-catalyst free synthesis of sym. and unsym. diaryl acetylenes has been carried out. Good to excellent yields of the corresponding products were obtained. The catalyst can be recycled up to four cycles without much loss in the activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Application In Synthesis of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Alkoxylation protection for hydroxy of erythromycin oxime was written by Qian, Guo-hua;Shi, Yan;Sun, Jing-guo;Yao, Guo-wei. And the article was included in Beijing Ligong Daxue Xuebao in 2001.SDS of cas: 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

The reaction of dialkyloxy cyclohexane with erythromycin oxime was studied. Exptl. results show that 1,1-diisopropyloxy cyclohexenane and 1,1-diethoxy cyclohexenane can be considered as protective reagents for hydroxy of erythromycin oximes. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: reaction solvent: dichloromethane; catalyst: pyridine hydrochloride; reaction temperature: 40°C: reaction time: 1 h to 7 h. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2SDS of cas: 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).SDS of cas: 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Cobalt/Salox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dehydrogenative C-H Alkoxylation and Amination was written by Chen, Jia-Hao;Teng, Ming-Ya;Huang, Fan-Rui;Song, Hong;Wang, Zhen-Kai;Zhuang, He-Lin;Wu, Yong-Jie;Wu, Xu;Yao, Qi-Jun;Shi, Bing-Feng. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Desymmetrization of diarylphosphinamides Ar₂P(O)NHQ (Q = 8-quinolinyl) catalyzed by cobalt chiral Salox complexes (Salox = 2-(4-R-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-R¹-oxazole) proceeds as dehydrogenative aromatic C-H alkoxylation and amination in one or both o-positions of one of the Ar rings. The past decade has witnessed a rapid progress in asym. C-H activation. However, the enantioselective C-H alkoxylation and amination with alcs. and free amines remains elusive. Herein, we disclose the first enantioselective dehydrogenative C-H alkoxylation and amination enabled by a simple cobalt/salicyloxazoline (Salox) catalysis. The use of cheap and readily available cobalt(II) salts as catalysts and Saloxs as chiral ligands provides an efficient method to access P-stereogenic compounds in excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The practicality of this protocol is demonstrated by gram-scale preparation and further derivatizations of the resulting P-stereogenic phosphinamides, which offering a flexible asym. alternative to access P-stereogenic mono- and diphosphine chiral ligands. Preliminary mechanistic studies on the enantioselective C-H alkoxylation reaction suggest that a cobalt(III/IV/II) catalytic cycle might be involved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Preparation and electrochemical characterization of magnesium gel electrolytes based on crosslinked Poly(tetrahydrofuran) was written by Tominaga, Yoichi;Kato, Sawako;Nishimura, Naomi. And the article was included in Polymer in 2021.Reference of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

A crosslinked poly(tetrahydrofuran) (c-PTHF) was synthesized as a novel polymer matrix for gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) swelled with Mg(TFSI)₂/triglyme solution to develop Mg-ion battery. Two GPE based on c-PTHF with different crosslinking structure and crosslinker ratio were obtained as free-standing membranes with excellent heat resistance. From the CV measurement, the Pt/GPE/AZ31 cell clearly showed Mg redox reaction, and the values of current densities in reduction/oxidation peaks and the Coulombic efficiency were larger than those of the triglyme electrolyte solution This may be due to the changes in the solvation structure of Mg²⁺ ions by the presence of crosslinking structures in the network framework. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Reference of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Reference of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

On the Solute-Induced Structure-Making/Breaking Effect: Rigorous Links among Microscopic Behavior, Solvation Properties, and Solution Non-Ideality was written by Chialvo, Ariel A.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2019.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

We studied the solute-induced perturbation of the solvent environment around a solute species from a microscopic viewpoint and propose a novel approach to the understanding of the structure-making/breaking process, regardless of the type and nature of the solute-solvent interactions. Based on the Kirkwood-Buff fluctuation formalism, we present a rigorous statistical mechanics description of the evolution of the solvent structure around the solute, analyze its response to small perturbations of the (TP) state conditions and composition of the system, and make direct connections between a few equivalent micro- and macroscopic manifestations as probes for, and targets of, exptl. measurements. We illustrate the anal. with theor. results from integral equation calculations of model fluids and exptl. evidence from available data for a variety of aqueous electrolyte and nonelectrolyte real fluid solutions Finally, we provide a critical discussion about the inadequacy underlying a widely used de facto criterion for the classification of structure-making/breaking solutes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem