Assessing the mixture effects in in vitro bioassays of chemicals occurring in small agricultural streams during rain events was written by Neale, Peta A.;Braun, Georg;Brack, Werner;Carmona, Eric;Gunold, Roman;Konig, Maria;Krauss, Martin;Liebmann, Liana;Liess, Matthias;Link, Moritz;Schafer, Ralf B.;Schlichting, Rita;Schreiner, Verena C.;Schulze, Tobias;Vormeier, Philipp;Weisner, Oliver;Escher, Beate I.. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2020.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane This article mentions the following:
Rain events may impact the chem. pollution burden in rivers. Forty-four small streams in Germany were profiled during several rain events for the presence of 395 chems. and five types of mixture effects in in vitro bioassays (cytotoxicity; activation of the estrogen, aryl hydrocarbon, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; and oxidative stress response). While these streams were selected to cover a wide range of agricultural impacts, in addition to the expected pesticides, wastewater-derived chems. and chems. typical for street runoff were detected. The unexpectedly high estrogenic effects in many samples indicated the impact by wastewater or overflow of combined sewer systems. The 128 water samples exhibited a high diversity of chem. and effect patterns, even for different rain events at the same site. The detected 290 chems. explained only a small fraction (<8%) of the measured effects. The exptl. effects of the designed mixtures of detected chems. that were expected to dominate the mixture effects of detected chems. were consistent with predictions for concentration addition within a factor of two for 94% of the mixtures Overall, the burden of chems. and effects was much higher than that previously detected in surface water during dry weather, with the effects often exceeding proposed effect-based trigger values. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane).
2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Name: 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem