Microwave-Assisted Cross-Coupling and Hydrogenation Chemistry by Using Heterogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysts: An Evaluation of the Role of Selective Catalyst Heating was written by Irfan, Muhammed;Fuchs, Michael;Glasnov, Toma N.;Kappe, C. Oliver. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2009.Formula: C15H14O3 This article mentions the following:
The concept of specific microwave effects in solid/liquid catalytic processes resulting from the selective heating of a microwave-absorbing heterogeneous transition-metal catalyst by using 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation was evaluated. As model transformations Ni/C-, Cu/C-, Pd/C-, and Pd/Al2O3-catalyzed carbon-carbon/carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings and hydrogenation reactions were studied. To probe the existence of specific microwave effects by selective catalyst heating in these transformations, control experiments comparing microwave dielec. heating and conventional thermal heating at the same reaction temperature were performed. Although the supported metal catalysts were exptl. found to be strongly microwave absorbing, for all chem. examples studied herein no differences in reaction rate or selectivity between microwave and conventional heating experiments under carefully controlled conditions were observed This was true also for reactions that use low-absorbing or microwave transparent solvents, and was independent of the microwave absorptivity of the catalyst support material. In the case of hydrogenation reactions, the stirring speed is a critical factor on the mass transfer between gas and liquid phase, influencing the rate of the hydrogenation in both microwave and conventionally heated experiments In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Formula: C15H14O3).
1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O閳ユ椊 or N閳ユ椊 bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Formula: C15H14O3
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem