Month: February 2023

Photosynthetic Bioelectronic Sensors for Touch Perception, UV-Detection, and Nanopower Generation: Toward Self-Powered E-Skins was written by Ravi, Sai Kishore;Wu, Tingfeng;Udayagiri, Vishnu Saran;Vu, Xuan Minh;Wang, Yanan;Jones, Michael R.;Tan, Swee Ching. And the article was included in Advanced Materials (Weinheim, Germany) in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Energy self-sufficiency is an inspirational design feature of biol. systems that fulfills sensory functions. Plants such as the “touch-me-not” and “Venus flytrap” not only sustain life by photosynthesis, but also execute specialized sensory responses to touch. Photosynthesis enables these organisms to sustainably harvest and expend energy, powering their sensory abilities. Photosynthesis therefore provides a promising model for self-powered sensory devices like electronic skins (e-skins). While the natural sensory abilities of human skin have been emulated in man-made materials for advanced prosthetics and soft-robotics, no previous e-skin has incorporated phototransduction and photosensory functions that could extend the sensory abilities of human skin. A proof-of-concept bioelectronic device integrated with natural photosynthetic pigment-proteins is presented that shows the ability to sense not only touch stimuli (down to 3000 Pa), but also low-intensity UV radiation (down to 0.01 mW cm^-2) and generate an elec. power of 闂?60 nW cm^-2. The scalability of this device is demonstrated through the fabrication of flexible, multipixel, bioelectronic sensors capable of touch registration and tracking. The polysensory abilities, energy self-sufficiency, and addnl. nanopower generation exhibited by this bioelectronic system make it particularly promising for applications like smart e-skins and wearable sensors, where the photogenerated power can enable remote data transmission. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The Synthesis of Benzofulvenes through Palladium-Catalyzed Sequential Three-Component Reactions was written by Zhou, Bo;Wu, Zhuo;Qi, Weixin;Sun, Xueliang;Zhang, Yanghui. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2018.Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

An approach for the synthesis of benzofulvenes was developed through palladium-catalyzed sequential three-component reactions. The reactions likely involved C,C-palladacycles as the key intermediates. The palladacycles were generated through cascade reactions of aryl halides and alkynes, and then reacted with CH₂Br₂ to form benzofulvenes as the final products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Mild and regioselective iodination of electron-rich aromatics with N-iodosuccinimide and catalytic trifluoroacetic acid was written by Castanet, Anne-Sophie;Colobert, Francoise;Broutin, Pierre-Emmanuel. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2002.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

A variety of aromatic compounds substituted with methoxy or Me groups were regioselectively iodinated with N-iodosuccinimide and catalytic HO₂CCF₃ with excellent yields under mild conditions and short reaction times. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2SDS of cas: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ濠囨煃閵夛箑鐤?linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111闁?and C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C闂佺偨鍎茶ぐ?bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Hypocholesterolemic and choleretic effects of three dimethoxycinnamic acids in relation to 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid in rats fed with a high-cholesterol/cholate diet was written by Serna, Manuel;Wong-Baeza, Carlos;Santiago-Hernandez, Juan-Carlos;Baeza, Isabel;Wong, Carlos. And the article was included in Pharmacological Reports in 2015.Application of 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (2,4,5-TMC) is the major and non-toxic metabolite of 濞?asarone, which retains hypocholesterolemic and choleretic activities. We compared the activities of 2,4,5-TMC with those of 2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2,4-DMC), 3,4-DMC and 3,5-DMC, to understand the role of the methoxyls on carbons 2, 4 and 5 on the pharmacol. properties of these compounds The methoxycinnamic acids were administered to high-cholesterol/cholate-fed rats. We measured bile flow, and quantified bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol in bile, and cholesterol and cholesterol-lipoproteins in serum. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by the methoxycinnamic acids was evaluated in vitro. The four methoxycinnamic acids decreased serum cholesterol, without affecting the concentration of HDL-cholesterol. 2,4,5-TMC produced the highest decrease in LDL-cholesterol, 73.5%, which exceeds the range of statins (20-40%), and produced the highest inhibition of the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. 3,4-DMC produced the highest increase in bile flow, bile acids and phospholipids concentrations, and reduction in bile cholesterol, which led to a decrease in the biliary cholesterol saturation index.2,4,5-TMC (which has three methoxyls) had the highest hypocholesterolemic activity, while 3,4-DMC, which lacks the methoxyl in carbon 2 but conserves the two other methoxyls in an adjacent position, had the highest choleretic activity and a probable cholelitholytic activity. In methoxycinnamic acids with two methoxyls in non-adjacent positions (2,4-DMC and 3,5-DMC), the hypocholesterolemic and choleretic activities were not as evident. 2,4,5-TMC and 3,4-DMC, which did not cause liver damage during the treatment period, should be further explored as a hypocholesterolemic and choleretic compounds in humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Application of 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the OPSM flotation agent was written by Kosenko, N. N.;Baranova, G. F.;Gurvich, S. M.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation) in 1968.Product Details of 20324-33-8 This article mentions the following:

OPSM (I) flotation agent is manufactured by condensation of MeOH with propylene oxide. Me ethers of mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentapropylene glycol present in crude I were determined by gas chromatog. at 210闁?in 1-m. 闁?4-mm. column filled with Teflon containing 5% E-301 elastomer, with 1 cc. H/sec. as carrier gas. The sensitivity of the method is 0.1%, and the relative error is <10%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8Product Details of 20324-33-8).

1-((1-((1-Methoxypropan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol (cas: 20324-33-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Product Details of 20324-33-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and Characterization of Hexapole [7]Helicene, A Circularly Twisted Chiral Nanographene was written by Zhu, Yanpeng;Xia, Zeming;Cai, Zeying;Yuan, Ziyong;Jiang, Nianqiang;Li, Tao;Wang, Yonggen;Guo, Xiaoyu;Li, Zhihao;Ma, Shuang;Zhong, Dingyong;Li, Yang;Wang, Jiaobing. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and characterization of two hexapole [7]helicenes (H7Hs) is reported. Single crystal X-ray diffraction unambiguously confirms the mol. structure. H7H absorbs light, with distinct Cotton effect, from UV to the near-IR (濞?sup>max = 618 nm). Cyclic voltammetry reveals nine reversible redox states, consecutively from -2 to +6. These chiroptical and electronic properties of H7H are inaccessible from helicene’s small homologues. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Textile-based non-invasive lithium drug monitoring: A proof-of-concept study for wearable sensing was written by Sweilam, Mona N.;Cordery, Sarah F.;Totti, Stella;Velliou, Eirini G.;Campagnolo, Paola;Varcoe, John R.;Delgado-Charro, M. Begona;Crean, Carol. And the article was included in Biosensors & Bioelectronics in 2020.Product Details of 111-77-3 This article mentions the following:

Flexible wearable chem. sensors are emerging tools which target diagnosis and monitoring of medical conditions. One of the potential applications of wearable chem. sensors is therapeutic drug monitoring for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range such as lithium. We have investigated the possibility of developing a fiber-based device for non-invasive lithium drug monitoring in interstitial fluid. A flexible cotton-based lithium sensor was coupled with a carbon fiber-based reference electrode to obtain a potentiometric device. In vitro reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed to extract Li⁺ from under porcine skin by applying a c.d. of 0.4 mA cm^-2 via two electrodes. Carbon fiber-based reverse iontophoresis electrodes were fabricated and used instead of a conventional silver wire-based version and comparable results were obtained. The fiber-based Li⁺ sensor and reference electrodes were capable of determining the Li⁺ concentration in samples collected via reverse iontophoresis and the results compared well to those obtained by ion chromatog. Addnl., biocompatibility of the materials used have been tested. Promising results were obtained which confirm the possibility of monitoring lithium in interstitial fluid using a wearable sensor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Product Details of 111-77-3).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 111-77-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Coenzyme Q₀ from Antrodia cinnamomea exhibits drug-resistant bacteria eradication and keratinocyte inflammation mitigation to ameliorate infected atopic dermatitis in mouse was written by Chou, Wei-Ling;Lee, Tzong-Huei;Huang, Tse-Hung;Wang, Pei-Wen;Chen, Ya-Ping;Chen, Chin-Chang;Chang, Zi-Yu;Fang, Jia-You;Yang, Shih-Chun. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2019.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease that is usually accompanied by Staphylococcus aureus infection due to cutaneous barrier-function damage. Benzenoid compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea are known to exhibit antibacterial and antiinflammatory activities. This study sought to investigate the potential of benzenoids for treating bacteria-infected AD. The compounds were screened against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0), a key ingredient in A. cinnamomea, showed the strongest MRSA growth inhibition. We further tested the inhibitory effect of CoQ0 on planktonic and biofilm MRSA. The work was also performed to explore the potential effectiveness of CoQ0 on AD using activated keratinocytes and in vivo exptl. AD mice as the models. The min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) and min. bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CoQ0 against MRSA were 7.81婵炴挾鎸?mL. CoQ0 was found to eradicate biofilm MRSA efficiently and reduce the biofilm thickness. CoQ0 killed MRSA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and topoisomerases. A proteomic assay showed that CoQ0 also reduced the ribosomal proteins. In the anti-inflammation study, CoQ0 was found to downregulate the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)5, and CCL17 in HaCaT cells. CoQ0 at 0.5婵炴挾鎸?mL could recover the filaggrin decreased by HaCaT activation to the normal control. We established a bacteria-infected AD-like model in mice using ovalbumin (OVA) and topically applied MRSA. Topical CoQ0 delivery lessened the MRSA presence in the AD-like lesions by >90%. The erythema, barrier function, and epidermal thickness of the AD-like wounds were improved by CoQ0 through the reduction of IL-1閻? IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-缂? and by neutrophil infiltration in the lesional skin. CoQ0 is therefore regarded as effective in mitigating AD symptoms associated with bacterial load. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Recommanded Product: 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O闂佺偨鍎插?or N闂佺偨鍎插?bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Recommanded Product: 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

An assessment of the toxicity of some pesticides and their metabolites affecting a natural aquatic environment using the Microtox system was written by Amoros, I.;Connon, R.;Garelick, H.;Alonso, J. L.;Carrasco, J. M.. And the article was included in Water Science and Technology in 2000.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The conservation and preservation of aquatic ecosystems is of utmost importance due to the high diversity and d. of species and their complex food network. The evaluation of the potential adverse environmental impact caused by pesticides entering water bodies is an important parameter in aquatic toxicity. The toxicity of the insecticide, fenitrothion and two of its metabolites, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole, and of the herbicides thiobencarb and molinate, commonly used in rice fields in Valencia near the protected area of lake Albufera, was tested by the Microtox system. The 15 min EC₅₀ values obtained with the marine luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri showed that the thiobencarb was the most toxic of the 3 tested pesticides with an EC₅₀ value of 0.03 mg/L. The EC₅₀ values of the first 2 steps of the fenitrothion hydrolysis indicated that while the first metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, was as toxic as its parent compound, a decreased toxicity was observed for the second metabolite, 3-methyl-4-nitroanisole. To analyze the toxic effects of pesticides in complex mixtures the EC₅₀ values of fenitrothion, molinate, and thiobencarb as pure substances and their mixtures were compared. The impact of the pesticides in the natural ecosystem was also studied and a protective effect of lake water was observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In silico and pharmacological screenings identify novel serine racemase inhibitors was written by Mori, Hisashi;Wada, Ryogo;Li, Jie;Ishimoto, Tetsuya;Mizuguchi, Mineyuki;Obita, Takayuki;Gouda, Hiroaki;Hirono, Shuichi;Toyooka, Naoki. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2014.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

D-Serine is a coagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor and its biosynthesis is catalyzed by serine racemase (SR). The overactivation of the NMDA receptor has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, and epileptic seizures, thus, the inhibitors of SR have potential against these pathol. states. Here, we have developed novel inhibitors of SR by in silico screening and in vitro enzyme assay. The newly developed inhibitors have lower IC₅₀ value comparing with that of malonate, one of the standard SR inhibitor. The structural features of novel inhibitors suggest the importance of central amide structure having a phenoxy substituent in their structure for the SR inhibitory activity. The present findings suggest the importance and rational development of new drugs for diseases of NMDAR overactivation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem