Month: January 2023

Infrared spectra of some compounds of pharmaceutical interest was written by Sammul, Oscar R.;Brannon, Wilson L.;Hayden, Alma L.. And the article was included in Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists in 1964.Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole This article mentions the following:

IR absorption spectra of new and nonofficial drugs, U.S.P. and N.F. items, solvents, and reagents are presented to supplement previously published spectra of U.S.P. and N.F. Reference Standards (CA 58, 3823g). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Interface Behavior of Electrolyte/Quinone Organic Active Material in Battery Operation by Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy was written by Morino, Yusuke;Fukui, Ken-Ichi. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2022.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

To elucidate the microscopic charge/discharge (delithiation/lithiation) mechanism at the interface of the electrolyte and organic cathode active material in the lithium-ion battery, we prepared a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) electrode of 1,4-benzoquinone terminated dihexyl disulfide (BQ-C6) on Au(111). An electrochem. setup with the BQ-C6 SAM as a working electrode and 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI)/triethyleneglycol dimethylether (G3) as the electrolyte was used. We adopted the shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) method to obtain sufficient Raman signal of SAM for operando Raman spectroscopy measurements by the enhancement with ~100 nm diameter Au particles coated with SiO₂ shell (average thickness = 2 nm). By this method, we succeeded in acquiring the Raman signal of the mol. monolayer on the model electrode simulating the interface between the electrolyte and the organic active material. In the cyclic voltammogram, two peaks were observed during the reduction reaction (lithiation), whereas only one peak was detected in the course of the oxidation process (delithiation). Simultaneous operando SHINERS showed a two-step spectral shape change in lithiation and coinciding (or simultaneous) one-step recovery during delithiation to match cyclic voltammetry behavior. The results indicate an asym. lithiation/delithiation mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthetic Routes to Crystalline Complex Metal Alkyl Carbonates and Hydroxycarbonates via Sol-Gel Chemistry-Perspectives for Advanced Materials in Catalysis was written by Hanf, Schirin;Lizandara-Pueyo, Carlos;Emmert, Timo Philipp;Jevtovikj, Ivana;Glaeser, Roger;Schunk, Stephan Andreas. And the article was included in Catalysts in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Metal alkoxides are easily available and versatile precursors for functional materials, such as solid catalysts. However, the poor solubility of metal alkoxides in organic solvents usually hinders their facile application in sol-gel processes and complicates access to complex carbonate or oxidic compounds after hydrolysis of the precursors. In our contribution we have therefore shown three different solubilization strategies for metal alkoxides, namely the derivatization, the hetero-metalization and CO₂ insertion. The latter strategy leads to a stoichiometric insertion of CO₂ into the metal-oxygen bond of the alkoxide and the subsequent formation of metal alkyl carbonates. These precursors can then be employed advantageously in sol-gel chem. and, after controlled hydrolysis, result in chem. defined crystalline carbonates and hydroxycarbonates. Cu- and Zn-containing carbonates and hydroxycarbonates were used in an exemplary study for the synthesis of Cu/Zn-based bulk catalysts for methanol synthesis with a final comparable catalytic activity to com. standard reference catalysts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

New insights into the chemistry of Coenzyme Q-0: A voltammetric and spectroscopic study was written by Gulaboski, Rubin;Bogeski, Ivan;Kokoskarova, Pavlinka;Haeri, Haleh H.;Mitrev, Sasa;Stefova, Marina;Stanoeva, Jasmina Petreska;Markovski, Velo;Mirceski, Valentin;Hoth, Markus;Kappl, Reinhard. And the article was included in Bioelectrochemistry in 2016.Computed Properties of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Coenzyme Q-0 (CoQ-0) is the only Coenzyme Q lacking an isoprenoid group on the quinoid ring, a feature important for its physico-chem. properties. Here, the redox behavior of CoQ-0 in buffered and non-buffered aqueous media was examined In buffered aqueous media CoQ-0 redox chem. can be described by a 2-electron-2-proton redox scheme, characteristic for all benzoquinones. In non-buffered media the number of electrons involved in the electrode reaction of CoQ-0 is still 2; however, the number of protons involved varies between 0 and 2. This results in two addnl. voltammetric signals, attributed to 2-electrons-1H⁺ and 2-electrons-0H⁺ redox processes, in which mono- and di-anionic compounds of CoQ-0 are formed. In addition, CoQ-0 exhibits a complex chem. in strong alk. environment. The reaction of CoQ-0 and OH^– anions generates several hydroxyl derivatives as products. Their structures were identified with HPLC/MS. The prevailing radical reaction mechanism was analyzed by ESR spectroscopy. The hydroxyl derivatives of CoQ-0 have a strong antioxidative potential and form stable complexes with Ca^2 + ions. In summary, our results allow mechanistic insights into the redox properties of CoQ-0 and its hydroxylated derivatives and provide hints on possible applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Computed Properties of C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Computed Properties of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Solvate Structures and Computational/Spectroscopic Characterization of LiClO₄ Electrolytes was written by Daubert, James S.;Afroz, Taliman;Borodin, Oleg;Seo, Daniel M.;Boyle, Paul D.;Henderson, Wesley A.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A Raman spectral evaluation of numerous crystalline solvates with lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) has been conducted over a wide temperature range. Two new solvate crystal structures-(PMDETA)₁:LiClO₄ and (THF)₁:LiClO₄ with N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and tetrahydrofuran-have been determined to aid in this study. With a help of d. functional theory (DFT) and mol. dynamics (MD) simulations, the spectroscopic data have been correlated with varying modes of ClO₄^–···Li⁺ cation coordination within the solvate structures to create a characterization tool to facilitate the Raman band assignments for the determination of ionic association interactions within solid and liquid electrolytes containing LiClO₄. This study demonstrates that many of the spectroscopic evaluation conclusions reported in the scientific literature for LiClO₄-based electrolytes are inaccurate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Annulation-Induced Cascade Transformation of 5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazoles to 2-(1-Aminoalkyl)benzoxazoles was written by Kotovshchikov, Yury N.;Latyshev, Gennadij V.;Navasardyan, Mger A.;Erzunov, Dmitry A.;Beletskaya, Irina P.;Lukashev, Nikolay V.. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Base-mediated cyclization of (5-iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)phenols was proposed as a new synthetic strategy for the in situ generation of diazoimines via electrocyclic ring opening of the fused heterocycle. Cu-catalyzed amination of the intermediate diazoalkanes was employed to develop an efficient cascade approach to functionalized benzoxazoles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Utilization of the Intramolecular Cycloaddition-Cationic π-Cyclization of an Isomuenchnone Derivative for the Synthesis of (±)-Lycopodine was written by Padwa, Albert;Brodney, Michael A.;Marino, Joseph P. Jr.;Sheehan, Scott M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1997.Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

A new annulation sequence leading to the tetracyclic skeleton of the Lycopodium family of alkaloids is effected by using the tandem cycloaddition-cationic π-cyclization reaction of an isomuenchnone dipole as the key strategic element. Synthesis of the required α-diazo imide precursor involved treating 5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one with the organocopper reagent derived from 3-methoxybenzyl chloride in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane. Ozonolysis of the resulting silyl enol ether followed by a Wittig reaction and conversion to the desired α-diazo imide was carried out using standard malonylacylation and diazotization procedures. Treatment of the α-diazo imide with rhodium(II) perfluorobutyrate afforded a transient 1,3-dipole which subsequently cycloadded across the tethered π-bond. The resulting cycloadduct I was treated with BF₃·2AcOH to give a rearranged tetracyclic compound derived from a Pictet-Spengler-type cyclization of an N-acyliminium ion. The rearranged product was subsequently converted into a key intermediate II previously used for the synthesis of (±)-lycopodine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Bismuth-catalyzed methylation and alkylation of quinone derivatives with tert-butyl peroxybenzoate as an oxidant was written by Yang, Jian;Dong, Yu;He, Shuai;Shi, Zhi-Chuan;Wang, Yu;Wang, Ji-Yu. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2019.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

A bismuth-catalyzed methylation of quinones I (R = Me, Bn, H, etc.; R¹ = H, Me; R² = H, Me, Br; R³ = H, Me, Br; R⁴ = H, Me; R⁵ = H), II (R = Me; R⁵ = H; R⁶ = R⁷ = Me, OMe) in the presence of tert-Bu peroxybenzoate (TBPB) was developed via a radical reaction mechanism. Particularly, TBPB was used not only as an efficient oxidant, but also as a green Me source in such transformation. Moreover, this method could also be efficiently extended to the alkylation of quinones I (R = Me, Br, OH; R¹ = R² = R³ = R⁴ = R⁵ = H), II. This reaction tolerated a series of functional groups and prepared a series of vitamin K3 derivatives I (R⁵ = cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, hexan-2-yl, hexan-3-yl) and benzoquinones II (R⁵ = cyclohexyl). Notably, antimalarial parvaquone I (R = OH; R¹ = R² = R³ = R⁴ = H; R⁵ = cyclohexyl) was synthesized by the reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Formula: C9H10O4).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Identification and optimization of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole EP₁ receptor antagonists was written by Hall, Adrian;Brown, Susan H.;Chowdhury, Anita;Giblin, Gerard M. P.;Gibson, Mairi;Healy, Mark P.;Livermore, David G.;McArthur Wilson, Richard J.;Naylor, Alan;Rawlings, D. Anthony;Roman, Shilina;Ward, Emma;Willay, Caroline. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.Formula: C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

A novel series of oxadiazole EP₁ receptor antagonists was identified by replacing the amide of a known glycine sulfonamide derivative with a 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Optimization of the substitution patterns on the three aromatic rings led to the identification of high affinity EP₁ receptor antagonists. The derivative with highest affinity displayed a binding IC₅₀ of 2.5 nM (pIC₅₀ 8.6). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Formula: C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Metal-Cation Recognition in Water by a Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine-Based Tweezer Receptor was written by Lochman, Lukas;Svec, Jan;Roh, Jaroslav;Kirakci, Kaplan;Lang, Kamil;Zimcik, Petr;Novakova, Veronika. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Electric Literature of C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

A series of zinc azaphthalocyanines with two azacrowns in a rigid tweezer arrangement were prepared and the fluorescence sensing properties were studied. The size-driven recognition of alkali and alk. earth metal cations was significantly enhanced by the close cooperation of the two azacrown units, in which both donor nitrogen atoms need to be involved in analyte binding to switch the sensor on. The mono- or biphasic character of the binding isotherms, together with the binding stoichiometry and magnitude of association constants (K_A), indicated specific complexation of particular analytes. Water solvation was shown to play an important role and resulted in a strong quenching of sensor fluorescence in the ON state. The lead compound was embedded into silica nanoparticles and advantageous sensing properties towards K⁺ were demonstrated in water (λ_F = 671 nm, apparent K_A = 82 M^-1, increase of 17×), even in the presence of (supra)physiol. concentrations of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Electric Literature of C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Electric Literature of C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem