Month: January 2023

Ring transformation of dimethoxybenzenes to heterocycles by ozonolysis was written by Yoshida, Yuki;Ichikawa, Satoshi;Shinozuka, Yuka;Satoh, Mitsuru;Mohri, Kunihiko;Isobe, Kimiaki. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 2005.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3 This article mentions the following:

Dimethoxybenzene derivatives, which have a hydroxyalkyl or an aminoalkyl side-chain, were oxidized with ozone and transformed to heterocycles by ring closure reaction of the oxidative products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3).

3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol (cas: 3929-47-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 3929-47-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Barium Chemosensors with Dry-Phase Fluorescence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay was written by Thapa, P.;Arnquist, I.;Byrnes, N.;Denisenko, A. A.;Foss, Jr. F. W.;Jones, B. J. P.;McDonald, A. D.;Nygren, D. R.;Woodruff, K.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2019.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The nature of the neutrino is one of the major open questions in exptl. nuclear and particle physics. The most sensitive known method to establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino is detection of the ultra-rare process of neutrinoless double beta decay. However, identification of one or a handful of decay events within a large mass of candidate isotope, without obfuscation by backgrounds is a formidable exptl. challenge. One hypothetical method for achieving ultra- low-background neutrinoless double beta decay sensitivity is the detection of single ¹³⁶Ba ions produced in the decay of ¹³⁶Xe (“barium tagging”). To implement such a method, a single-ion-sensitive barium detector must be developed and demonstrated in bulk liquid or dry gaseous xenon. This paper reports on the development of two families of dry-phase barium chemosensor mols. for use in high pressure xenon gas detectors, synthesized specifically for this purpose. One particularly promising candidate, an anthracene substituted aza-18-crown-6 ether, is shown to respond in the dry phase with almost no intrinsic background from the unchelated state, and to be amenable to barium sensing through fluorescence microscopy. This interdisciplinary advance, paired with earlier work demonstrating sensitivity to single barium ions in solution, opens a new path toward single ion detection in high pressure xenon gas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Quality Control of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization of volatile compounds of Albertisia papuana Becc root extracts and cytotoxic activity in breast cancer cell line T47D was written by Kristiani, Elizabeth B. E.;Nugroho, Laurentius H.;Moeljopawiro, Sukarti;Widyarini, Sitarina. And the article was included in Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2016.Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3 This article mentions the following:

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of chloroform and water root extracts of Albertisia papuana Becc. on T47D cell line and identify the volatile compounds of the extracts Methods: The plant roots were extracted with chloroform and water using maceration and boiling methods, resp. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on T47D were determined using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Doxorubicin was used as reference drug in the cytotoxicity test while Probit anal. was used to calculate the Median Growth Inhibitory Concentration IC50 of the extracts The volatile compounds in the chloroform and water root extracts were analyzed using Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrophotometry GC-MS. Results: The IC50 of the chloroform and water extracts were 28.0 ± 6.0 and 88.0 ± 5.5μg/mL, resp. whereas that of doxorubicin was 8.5 ± 0.1μg/mL. GC-MS results showed that there were 46 compounds in the chloroform extract, out of which the five major components are Et linoleate (49.68%), bicyclo (3.3.1) non-2-ene (29.29%), Et palmitate (5.06%), palmitic acid (3.67%) and Et heptadecanoate (1.57%).The water extract consisted of three compounds, butanoic acid (15.58%); Me cycloheptane (3.45%), and Me 2-O-methylpentofuranoside (80.96%). Conclusion: The chloroform root extract of A. papuana Becc. had a fairly potent anticancer activity against breast cancer cells and may be further developed as an anticancer agent. Its major components were fatty acids and fatty acid esters. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Recommanded Product: 56619-93-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Discovery of 7-N-Piperazinylthiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine Analogues as a Novel Class of Immunosuppressive Agents with in Vivo Biological Activity was written by Jang, Mi-Yeon;Lin, Yuan;De Jonghe, Steven;Gao, Ling-Jie;Vanderhoydonck, Bart;Froeyen, Mathy;Rozenski, Jef;Herman, Jean;Louat, Thierry;Van Belle, Kristien;Waer, Mark;Herdewijn, Piet. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2011.Product Details of 1877-75-4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activity of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines, e.g., I as a novel class of immunosuppressive agents, useful for preventing graft rejection after organ transplantation is described. This research resulted in the discovery of a series of compounds with potent activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay, which is well-known as the in vitro model for in vivo rejection after organ transplantation. The most potent congeners displayed IC₅₀ values of less than 50 nM in this MLR assay and hence are equipotent to cyclosporin A, a clin. used immunosuppressive drug. One representative of this series was further evaluated in a preclin. animal model of organ transplantation and showed excellent in vivo efficacy. It validates these compounds as new promising immunosuppressive drugs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Product Details of 1877-75-4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Product Details of 1877-75-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel phenoxyacetamide-based free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes was written by Li, Zheng;Wang, Xuekun;Xu, Xue;Yang, Jianyong;Qiu, Qianqian;Qiang, Hao;Huang, Wenlong;Qian, Hai. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid This article mentions the following:

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) has attracted extensive attention as a novel antidiabetic target in the last decade. Several FFA1 agonists reported in the literature have been suffered from relatively high mol. weight and lipophilicity. We have previously reported the FFA1 agonist 1. Based on the common amide structural characteristic of SAR1 and NIH screened compound, we here describe the continued structure-activity exploration to decrease the mol. weight and lipophilicity of the compound 1 series by converting various amide linkers. All of these efforts lead to the discovery of the preferable lead compound 18, a compound with considerable agonistic activity, high LE and LLE values, lower lipophilicity than previously reported agonists, and appreciable efficacy on glucose tolerance in both normal and type 2 diabetic mice. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Facile aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S_NAr) reactions in ionic liquids: an electrophile-nucleophile dual activation by [Omim]Br for the reaction was written by Zhang, Xiao;Lu, Guo-ping;Cai, Chun. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2016.Application of 54916-28-8 This article mentions the following:

A facile aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S_NAr) reaction in recyclable [Omim]Br under relatively mild conditions has been described. An electrophile-nucleophile dual activation by [Omim]Br is also discovered based on control experiments, ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopies. This chem. provides an efficient and metal-free approach for the generation of C_aryl-X (X=S, N, O) bonds, many of which are significant synthetic intermediates or drugs, making this methodol. attractive to both synthetic and medicinal chem. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Application of 54916-28-8).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Application of 54916-28-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Urethanes synthesis from oxamic acids under electrochemical conditions was written by Ogbu, Ikechukwu Martin;Lusseau, Jonathan;Kurtay, Gulbin;Robert, Frederic;Landais, Yannick. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2020.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Urethane RHNC(O)OR¹ [R = cyclohexyl, Bn, CH₂CH₂Ph, etc.; R¹ = Me, Et, CH₂CF₃, etc.] and R²OC(O)NHCHR³C(O)OMe [R² = Me, Et, CH₂CH=CH₂, CH₂CF₃, CH₂CH(CH₃)₂; R³ = Me, CH₂CO₂Me, Ph] synthesis via oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids under mild electrochem. conditions was reported. This simple phosgene-free route to urethanes involved an in situ generation of isocyanates by anodic oxidation of oxamic acids in an alc. medium. The reaction was applicable to a wide range of oxamic acids, including chiral ones, and alcs. furnishing the desired urethanes in a one-pot process without the use of a chem. oxidant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Phytoene desaturase from Oryza sativa: oligomeric assembly, membrane association and preliminary 3D-analysis was written by Gemmecker, Sandra;Schaub, Patrick;Koschmieder, Julian;Brausemann, Anton;Drepper, Friedel;Rodriguez-Franco, Marta;Ghisla, Sandro;Warscheid, Bettina;Einsle, Oliver;Beyer, Peter. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2015.Related Products of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Recombinant phytoene desaturase (PDS-His6) from rice was purified to near-homogeneity and shown to be enzymically active in a biphasic, liposome-based assay system. The protein contains FAD as the sole protein-bound redox-cofactor. Benzoquinones, not replaceable by mol. oxygen, serve as a final electron acceptor defining PDS as a 15-cis-phytoene (donor):plastoquinone oxidoreductase. The herbicidal PDS-inhibitor norflurazon is capable of arresting the reaction by stabilizing the intermediary FADred, while an excess of the quinone acceptor relieves this blockage, indicating competition. The enzyme requires its homo-oligomeric association for activity. The sum of data collected through gel permeation chromatog., non-denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis, chem. crosslinking, mass spectrometry and electronmicroscopy techniques indicate that the high-order oligomers formed in solution are the basis for an active preparation Of these, a tetramer consisting of dimers represents the active unit. This is corroborated by our preliminary x-ray structural anal. that also revealed similarities of the protein fold with the sequence-inhomologous bacterial phytoene desaturase CRTI and other oxidoreductases of the GR2-family of flavoproteins. This points to an evolutionary relatedness of CRTI and PDS yielding different carotene desaturation sequences based on homologous protein folds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Related Products of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Related Products of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Functional Enzymes in Nonaqueous Environment: The Case of Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Deep Eutectic Solvents was written by Milano, Francesco;Giotta, Livia;Guascito, Maria Rachele;Agostiano, Angela;Sblendorio, Stefania;Valli, Ludovico;Perna, Filippo M.;Cicco, Luciana;Trotta, Massimo;Capriati, Vito. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2017.Product Details of 605-94-7 This article mentions the following:

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as a new class of green solvents with the potential to replace organic solvents in many applications both at industrial and academic level. In this work, the authors offer an unprecedented characterization of the behavior of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in a series of choline-based DESs. RC is a membrane-spanning three-subunit pigment-protein complex that, upon illumination, is capable to produce a stable charge-separated state. Thus, it represents the ideal model for carrying out basic studies of protein-solvent interactions. Herein, the authors first report that, in many DES mixtures investigated, RC (a) is stable, (b) is capable to generate the charge-separated state, and (c) even to perform its natural photocycle. It proved, indeed, to be effective in reducing quinone mols. to quinol by withdrawing electrons from cyto-chrome c. As an example of biotechnol. application, a photoelectrochem. cell based on DES-dissolved RC has also been designed and successfully employed to generate photocurrents arising from the reduction of the electron-donor ferrocenemethanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Product Details of 605-94-7).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Product Details of 605-94-7

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly Efficient Supramolecular Catalysts Assembled by Dawson-Type POMs and Metal-Organic Complexes for the Synergistic Catalytic Synthesis of p-Benzoquinones was written by Chang, Shenzhen;An, Haiyan;Chen, Yanhong;Zhu, Qingshan;Luo, Huiyun;Huang, Yaohui. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

Selective oxidation of alkyl-substituted phenols offers an ideal pathway to synthesize p-benzoquinones (p-BQs), but it is known to be inefficient because of the parallel competing reactions. Aiming at the design and synthesis of more powerful heterogeneous catalysts for highly efficient synthesizing functionalized p-BQs, herein, authors report two crystalline catalysts with supramol. networks based on Dawson-type polyoxometalates (POMs) and metal-organic subunits, H₄K(H₂O)₃[Cu₃(H₂O)₈(ptz)₄][Cu_1.5(H₂O)₃(ptz)₂(ina)][P₂W₁₈O₆₂]₂·ina·21H₂O (1) and [Cu_4.5(ptz)₄(OH)₃(H₂O)₄][P₂W₁₈O₆₂]·10H₂O (2), where ptz = 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole and ina = isonicotinic acid. Structural anal. shows that 1 is formed by the supramol. contact between one-dimensional POM inorganic chains and two kinds of trinuclear Cu-organic clusters, while 2 is formed by supramol. stacking of ladder-like one-dimensional chains that are composed of ribbonlike nonanuclear Cu-organic clusters and POM anions. Both supramol. catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity in H₂O₂-based oxidation of phenols/aromatics to p-BQs. Strikingly, in the synthesis of trimethyl-p-benzoquinone (TMBQ, an intermediate of vitamin E) by oxidizing 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, the conversion, selectivity, and oxidant efficiency can reach >99, 97.9, and 85.0% for 1, as well as 95.4, >99, and 79.8% for 2 within 5 min, resp. Also, the catalytic activities of 1 and 2 presented by the turnover frequency are 12 000 (the highest thus far) and 7632 h^-1, resp. Detailed structure-activity anal. revealed that the higher performance of 1 is attributed to the more active-site accessibility due to the supramol. interactions between POM and Cu organic units in the framework. Moreover, the observed yield of TMBQ has not decreased and the skeleton of catalysts has not changed in >10 cycles. The reaction mechanism was also systematically studied, and the parallel dual center, namely, Cu-site and POM, -driven reaction processes (radical and oxygen transfer) were illuminated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Application In Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem