Month: January 2023

Cobalt-Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of α,α’-Dichloro-ortho-Xylenes with Alkynes was written by Komeyama, Kimihiro;Okamoto, Yuji;Takaki, Ken. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2014.Electric Literature of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A formal [4+2] cycloaddition of α,α’-dichloro-ortho-xylenes with various alkynes has been developed using a low-valent cobalt catalyst. The transformation has a wide substrate scope and high functional-group tolerance and led to 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes. The formed cycloadducts were easily aromatized with MnO₂ under air. A mechanistic investigation suggests that the transformation proceeds through a benzyl cobaltation of alkyne, not the classical Diels-Alder reaction of ortho-quinodimethanes. This methodol. provides a straightforward and streamlined access to linearly expanded π-conjugated aromatics In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Electric Literature of C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Electric Literature of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nanoliter-scale, regenerable ion sensor: sensing with a surface functionalized microstructured optical fiber was written by Heng, Sabrina;Nguyen, Mai-Chi;Kostecki, Roman;Monro, Tanya M.;Abell, Andrew D.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2013.Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane This article mentions the following:

The 1st nanoliter-scale regenerable ion sensor based on a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is reported. The air holes of the MOF are functionalized with a monoazacrown bearing spiropyran to give a switchable sensor that detects lithium ions down to 100 nM in nanoliter-scale volumes Ion binding is turned on and off on upon irradiation with light, with the sensor being unaffected by multiple rounds of photoswitching. Unbound ions are flushed from the fiber in the off’ state to allow the sensor to be reused. The integration of an ionophore into the sensor paves the way for the development of highly specific light-based sensing platforms that are readily adaptable to sense a particular ion simply by altering the ionophore design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Application In Synthesis of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Ionic liquid/H₂SO₄ catalyzed aerobic iodination of alkoxyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes was written by Ren, Yun-lai;Wang, Pei;Tian, Xin-zhe;Li, Fu-wei;Wang, Bin-yu;Wang, Jian-ji. And the article was included in Fenzi Cuihua in 2015.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Bmim][NO₃]) was introduced as both the solvent and catalyst for the activation of the mol. oxygen related to the aerobic iodination of arenes, which provides an effective and practical strategy for the synthesis of aryl iodides. The presented procedure allows a series of alkoxyl-substituted benzenes and naphthalenes to undergo the aerobic iodination in high yields and selectivities at an ambient temperature of 40°C. Almost all the atoms in the iodine source can be transferred to the final products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Use of molecular sieves in synthesis. Aldehyde and ketone di-sec-alkyl acetals was written by Roelofsen, D. P.;Van Bekkum, H.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1972.Product Details of 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

Mol. sieves adsorbed H2O in reaction of secondary alcs. with aldehydes and ketones to give 62-94% (>98% purity) RR1η(OR2)2 (I). Thus, 40 g powd. type 5a com. mol. sieve was added to 0.10 mole RR1ηO, 0.40 mole R2OH, 150 ml cyclohexane, and 3.8 g p-MeC6H4SO3H.H2O, and the mixture stirred 2 hr at 0° to give I (R,R1..sigma.2 given): Me, Me, Me2CH; Me, Me, cyclohexyl; Me2CH, H, Me2CH; Me2CH, H, MeEtCH; Me2CH, H, cyclohexyl; Ph, H, Me2CH and I[RR1(CH2)5], R2 = Me2CH and MeEtCH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Product Details of 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Product Details of 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Debenzylation of functionalized 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles was written by Farooq, Tahir;Sydnes, Leiv K.;Tornroos, Karl W.;Haug, Bengt Erik. And the article was included in Synthesis in 2012.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

A range of 4- and 5-substituted N-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles have been submitted to debenzylation using Pd/C and hydrogen in the presence of 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Triazoles with oxygen-containing substituents are efficiently debenzylated under these conditions. Triazoles with a Ph or benzyl substituent on C4 or C5 are not debenzylated, whereas a pentyl-substituted derivative was readily debenzylated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Formula: C6H10O2).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Sustaining Electron Transfer Pathways Extends Biohybrid Photoelectrode Stability to Years was written by Friebe, Vincent M.;Barszcz, Agata J.;Jones, Michael R.;Frese, Raoul N.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The exploitation of natural photosynthetic enzymes in semi-artificial devices constitutes an attractive and potentially sustainable route for the conversion of solar energy into electricity and solar fuels. However, the stability of photosynthetic proteins after incorporation in a biohybrid architecture typically limits the operational lifetime of biophotoelectrodes to a few hours. Here, we demonstrate ways to greatly enhance the stability of a mesoporous electrode coated with the RC-LH1 photoprotein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. By preserving electron transfer pathways, we extended operation under continuous high-light to 33 days, and operation after storage to over two years. Coupled with large photocurrents that reached peak values of 4.6 mA cm^-2, the optimized biophotoelectrode produced a cumulative output of 86 C cm^-2, the largest reported performance to date. Our results demonstrate that the factor limiting stability is the architecture surrounding the photoprotein, and that biohybrid sensors and photovoltaic devices with operational lifetimes of years are feasible. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Efficient synthesis of oxygenated terphenyls and other oligomers: sequential arylation reactions through phenol oxidation-rearomatization was written by Dohi, Toshifumi;Kamitanaka, Tohru;Watanabe, Shohei;Hu, Yinjun;Washimi, Naohiko;Kita, Yasuyuki. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2012.Application of 365564-07-4 This article mentions the following:

A sequential arylation method involving the oxidation/rearomatization of phenols is developed. Quinone monoacetalsthe key intermediates, can be used for preparation of oxygenated terphenyls and other oligomers. The reaction employed hypervalent iodine compounds as the oxidant and montmorillonite clay as the acid promoter. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4Application of 365564-07-4).

2-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 365564-07-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Application of 365564-07-4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The Highly Effective Cobalt Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Catalyst for One Pot Oxidative Esterification Under Mild Conditions was written by Mekrattanachai, Pagasukon;Zhu, Lei;Setthaya, Naruemon;Chindawong, Chakkresit;Song, Wei Guo. And the article was included in Catalysis Letters in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-13-5 This article mentions the following:

The cobalt-based metal organic frameworks (Co-MOFs) catalystwas prepared with using terephthalic acid and 4,4′-bipyridine as organic linkers by facile solvothermal method for one-pot oxidative esterification. The prepared catalyst was pyrolyzed at different temperature and then applied for oxidation of aldehyde using mol. oxygen as benign oxidant under mild conditions. The Co-MOFs pyrolyzed at 800 C (denoted as Co-MOFs-800) catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability toward the oxidative esterification of benzaldehydes. Furthermore, it was reused up to 5 runs without significant loss of activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5SDS of cas: 105-13-5).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.SDS of cas: 105-13-5

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Generation and Reactivity of 2-Amido-1,3-diaminoallyl Cations: Cyclic Guanidine Annulations via Net (3 + 2) and (4 + 3) Cycloadditions was written by Rao Kovvuri, V. Raghavendra;Xue, Haoran;Romo, Daniel. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Product Details of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Toward a method for direct conversion of alkenes to cyclic guanidines, we report that 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 2-amido-1,3-diamino allylic cations with alkenes provide a new method for direct cyclic guanidine annulation. Generated under oxidative conditions, the 2-amido-1,3-diaminoallyl cations react as 1,3-dipoles providing rapid access to 2-amino imidazolines through net (3 + 2) cycloadditions The utility is demonstrated through a concise synthesis of the oroidin alkaloid, phakellin. The described 1,3-dipole also participates in net (4 + 3) cycloadditions with dienes. Safety: caution advised in preparation of Na salt of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Product Details of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Product Details of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Substituted Dibenzodiazocines: Rapid Synthesis and Photochemical Properties was written by Klockmann, Felix;Fangmann, Camilla;Zender, Elena;Schanz, Tobias;Catapano, Claudia;Terfort, Andreas. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2021.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

11,12-Dihydrodibenzo[c,g]-1,2-diazocines have been established as a viable alternative to azobenzene for photoswitching, in particular, as they show an inverted switching behavior: the ground state is the Z isomer. In this paper, an improved method to obtain dibenzodiazocine and its derivatives from the resp. 2-nitrotoluenes in two reaction steps, each proceeding in minutes were presented. This fast access to a variety of derivatives permitted the study of substitution effects on the synthesis and on the photochem. properties. With biochem. applications in mind, methanol was chosen as a protic solvent system for the photochem. investigations. In contrast to the azobenzene system, none of the tested substitution patterns resulted in more efficient switching or in significantly prolonged half-lives, showed that the system was dominated by the ring strain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Electric Literature of C8H9NO3).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Electric Literature of C8H9NO3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem