Month: January 2023

An efficient palladium-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling reaction with arylvinyl iodides: facile regioselective synthesis of E-stilbenes and their analogues was written by Kabir, M. Shahjahan;Monte, Aaron;Cook, James M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2007.Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8 This article mentions the following:

A general synthetic route for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of an arylzinc reagent with arylvinyl iodides (Negishi cross-coupling) has been developed. The system permits efficient and selective preparation of E-stilbenes and their analogs. It also functions effectively at low levels of catalyst loading without the need for an addnl. ligand and tolerates a wide range of functional groups including heteroaromatic substrates. A systematic study of various parameters was performed and correlated with catalyst-substrate activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Recommanded Product: 57179-35-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and Kinetic Investigations of Metalla[3]triangulanes: Isoelectronic Nickel(0) and Copper(I) Complexes with Bicyclopropylidene (bcp) and Dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) as Ligands was written by Ritz, Florian J.;Valentin, Lars;Henss, Anja;Wuertele, Christian;Walter, Olaf;Kozhushkov, Sergei I.;de Meijere, Armin;Schindler, Siegfried. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

The kinetics of the reactions between [Ni(bipy)(COD)] and bicyclopropylidene (bcp), dicyclopropylacetylene (dcpa) and 1,4-dimethoxy-2-butyne (dmbu) were investigated using stopped-flow techniques. Similar to previous studies the results support an associative mechanism (activation parameters for bcp: ΔH^# = 46±2 kJ·mol^-1 and ΔS^# = -69±8 J· mol^-1·K^-1) and therefore allowed to postulate a more general reaction mechanism for the reaction pathway. The products, the nickel(0) complexes [Ni(bipy)(bcp)] and [Ni(bipy)(dcpa)], could be structurally characterized and the mol. structures are presented. In addition, the corresponding copper(I) complexes [Cu(bipy)(bcp)]PF₆ and [Cu(bipy)(dcpa)]PF₆ were also structurally characterized and their reactivity towards dioxygen was investigated. A detailed discussion of the structural properties and comparisons to similar literature-known olefinic complexes with transition metals are presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Reference of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Reference of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

^tBuOLi-Promoted Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides was written by Shi, Yinyin;Wang, Yue;Huang, Zhefan;Zhang, Fangjun;Shao, Yinlin. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2022.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Com. available and inexpensive lithium tert-butoxide (tBuOLi) acts as a good precatalyst for the hydroboration of esters, lactones, and epoxides using pinacolborane as a borylation agent. Functional groups such as cyano-, nitro-, amino-, vinyl, and alkynyl are unaffected under the presented hydroboration process, representing high chemoselectivity. This transformation has also been effectively applied to the synthesis of key intermediates of Erlotinib and Cinacalcet. Preliminary investigations of the mechanism show that the hydroboration proceeds through the in situ formed BH₃ species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

(4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol (cas: 105-13-5) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Effects of cyclohexyl group on electro-optical properties of liquid crystal tolan was written by Chen, Xin-bing;Feng, Kai;Jia, Lin;An, Zhong-wei. And the article was included in Yejing Yu Xianshi in 2004.Electric Literature of C18H18O This article mentions the following:

As one of widely used liquid crystals, tolans are mainly used for improving birefringence of liquid crystal composition Effects of cyclohexyl group introduced into mol. on the electro-optical properties of tolan were investigated. The results show that the threshold voltage and birefringence of the composition can be increased by introducing cyclohexyl group into mol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1Electric Literature of C18H18O).

1-Methoxy-4-((4-propylphenyl)ethynyl)benzene (cas: 39969-26-1) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides. If concentrated or heated, these peroxides may explode. To prevent such explosions, ethers should be obtained in small quantities, kept in tightly sealed containers, and used promptly.Electric Literature of C18H18O

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nickel-catalyzed regio- and diastereoselective intermolecular three-component coupling of oxabicyclic alkenes with alkynes and organoboronic acids was written by Mannathan, Subramaniyan;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2013.Reference of 16356-02-8 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of oxabicyclic alkenes with alkynes and organoboronic acids in the presence of Ni(cod)₂, P(t-Bu)₃, and CsF in a binary solvent toluene-methanol (1:3) at 75 to 85 °C provided exo-5,6-disubstituted 7-oxanorbornene derivatives in good to excellent yields. E.g., in presence of Ni(cod)₂, P(t-Bu)₃, and CsF, three-component coupling of oxabicyclic alkene (I) with PhCCMe and (E)-PhCH:CHB(OH)₂ gave 92% II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8Reference of 16356-02-8).

1,4-Dimethoxy-2-butyne (cas: 16356-02-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Reference of 16356-02-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nitrile in the Hole: Discovery of a Small Auxiliary Pocket in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Leading to the Development of Potent and Selective 2-Aminoquinoline Inhibitors was written by Cinelli, Maris A.;Li, Huiying;Chreifi, Georges;Poulos, Thomas L.;Silverman, Richard B.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition is a promising strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders, but the development of nNOS inhibitors is often hindered by poor pharmacokinetics. We previously developed a class of membrane-permeable 2-aminoquinoline inhibitors and later rearranged the scaffold to decrease off-target binding. However, the resulting compounds had decreased permeability, low human nNOS activity, and low selectivity vs. human eNOS. In this study, 5-substituted Ph ether-linked aminoquinolines and derivatives were synthesized and assayed against purified NOS isoforms. 5-Cyano compounds are especially potent and selective rat and human nNOS inhibitors. Activity and selectivity are mediated by the binding of the cyano group to a new auxiliary pocket in nNOS. Potency was enhanced by methylation of the quinoline and by introduction of simple chiral moieties, resulting in a combination of hydrophobic and auxiliary pocket effects that yielded high (∼500-fold) n/e selectivity. Importantly, the Caco-2 assay also revealed improved membrane permeability over previous compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde).

3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (cas: 57179-35-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis and fluorescence properties of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives and their terbium complexes was written by Zhang, Wu;Chai, Yuchao;Li, Kangyun;Chen, Yanwen;Yan, Dong;Guo, Dongcai. And the article was included in Luminescence in 2014.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of eight novel 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives I [R = H, CH₃, OCH₃, etc.] and their corresponding Tb³⁺ complexes was described. The fluorescence properties and fluorescence quantum yields of the target complexes were investigated, and the result showed that the ligands were found to be an efficient sensitizer for Tb³⁺ luminescence, and the target complexes exhibited characteristic fluorescence emissions of Tb³⁺ ion. The fluorescence intensity of the complex substituted by chlorine was stronger than that of other complexes. The substituent nature has a great effect upon the electrochem. properties of the target complexes. The results showed that the introduction of the electron-withdrawing groups tended to decrease the oxidation potential and HOMO energy levels of the target Tb³⁺ complexes; however, introduction of the electron-donating groups could increase the corresponding complex oxidation potential and HOMO energy levels. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Synthesis, characterization and cation-induced dimerization of new aza-crown ether-appended metalloporphyrins was written by Mikhalitsyna, Elena A.;Tyurin, Vladimir S.;Zamylatskov, Ilia A.;Khrustalev, Victor N.;Beletskaya, Irina P.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2012.Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

New metalloporphyrins bearing one or two aryl-aza-crown ether moieties at meso-positions were synthesized using a palladium catalyzed amination reaction and fully characterized by spectral techniques. X-ray structural data were presented for the zinc and copper complexes of mono-substituted aza-crown ether appended metalloporphyrins. UV-visible and ¹H NMR spectroscopic studies showed that addition of K⁺ cations to a solution of monomeric aza-crowned porphyrins in CHCl₃/MeOH led to cation-induced dimerization of these porphyrins, whereas addition of Na⁺ cations yielded a monomeric complex. Axial coordination of the exobidentate ligand (DABCO) to zinc complexes of aza-crowned porphyrins and following binding metal ions gave sandwich complexes with high stability constants In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Synthetic Route of C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Critical Issues of Fluorinated Alkoxyborate-Based Electrolytes in Magnesium Battery Applications was written by Mandai, Toshihiko. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

The development of noncorrosive but highly efficient electrolytes has been a long-standing challenge in magnesium rechargeable battery (MRB) research fields. As fluorinated alkoxyborate-based electrolytes have overcome serious problems associated with conventional electrolytes, they are regarded as promising for practical MRB applications. An electrolyte containing representative magnesium fluorinated alkoxyborate Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂ ([B(HFIP)₄]: tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxy) borate) was prepared through general synthetic routes using Mg(BH₄)₂; however, it shows poor electrochem. magnesium deposition/dissolution behavior. Herein, we report an alternative synthetic route of highly reactive Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂ and several critical issues associated with the use of Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂/glyme electrolytes in MRBs. The cycling performance of the electrolytes as well as the synthetic reproducibility of the salt was significantly improved upon adopting a transmetalation reaction between certain magnesium and boron compounds for the salt preparation Despite the outstanding electrochem. activity of Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂/glyme, the electrolytes were unstable with the magnesium metal. The remarkably high dissociativity of Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂ in glyme solutions and the resulting enhanced induction interaction of Mg²⁺ with coordinated glymes make the solutions reductively unstable. Surface passivation by [TFSA]-based electrolytes (TFSA: bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide) effectively suppressed the decomposition of Mg[B(HFIP)₄]₂/glyme electrolytes. This passivation simultaneously caused a large overpotential for electrochem. cycling. The short-circuiting of the cells upon repeated deposition/dissolution cycling is rather problematic. Here, the findings disclose the issues of fluorinated alkoxyborate-based electrolyte solutions that should be resolved for practical MRB materialization. We also emphasize the importance of systematic strategies in manipulating the electrolytes and interfaces as well as base magnesium metal based on each appropriate approach. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.HPLC of Formula: 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem