Month: December 2022

A convenient method for the preparation of 4-aryloxyphenols was written by Yeager, Gary W.;Schissel, David N.. And the article was included in Synthesis in 1991.Formula: C15H14O3 This article mentions the following:

The treatment of p-RC₆H₄OH (R = H, Cl, Br, CMe₃, OMe, OPh, CO₂Et) with p-FC₆H₄COR¹ (I; R¹ = H, Me) in the presence of K₂CO₃ gave di-Ph ethers II. The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of II followed by acid hydrolysis gave 4-aryloxyphenols III. Bisphenols IV (X = p-C₆H₄, 4,4′-C₆H₄OC₆H₄, 4,4′-biphenylene) were prepared similarly from HOXOH and I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Formula: C15H14O3).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Formula: C15H14O3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A highly Hg(II)-selective chemosensor with unique diarylethene fluorophore was written by Ji, Heesun;Kim, Jinho;Yoo, Jung Whan;Lee, Hyeong Seok;Park, Ki-Min;Kang, Youngjin. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society in 2010.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

A systematic investigation into photophys. and coordinative properties to varied metal ions of 1,2-bis[9,9-diethyl-7-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane)fluoren-2-yl]-3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluorocyclopentene (L1) is reported. A novel fluorene and perfluorocyclopentene based ligand L1 with NO4 donor set was synthesized and was evaluated as fluorometric sensor for Ni²⁺, Ag⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Hg²⁺. This ligand exhibits enhanced fluorescence intensity upon addition of all metal ions through the CHEF effect and the formation of 1:2 complexes. In particular, ligand L1 was demonstrated highly selectivity and sensitivity for the Hg²⁺ ion due to the strong interactions between NO donor set and metal ion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Nitrofullerene as an electrolyte-compatible additive for high-performance sodium metal batteries was written by Li, Pengju;Jiang, Zhipeng;Huang, Xiaobo;Lu, Xing;Xie, Jia;Cheng, Shijie. And the article was included in Nano Energy in 2021.Product Details of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Electrolyte additives have an important impact on the cycling stability of sodium metal batteries, but their applications are severely impeded by the poor compatibility with different electrolytes. Herein, rational incorporation of nitro groups on fullerene (C₆₀) cage yields nitrofullerene (C₆₀(NO₂)₆) as an effective additive, which displays high compatibility with different electrolytes and can enable highly reversible and dendrite-free plating/stripping of sodium metal anodes (SMAs). In-situ optical observation of Na electrodeposition confirms a great improvement in the cycling stability of metallic Na anodes with the C₆₀(NO₂)₆ additive, which not only promotes the formation of stable protective layers on SMAs, but also facilitates the uniform Na deposition and effectively suppresses the Na dendrite growth. As a result, the Na||Na sym. cells with C₆₀(NO₂)₆ show low voltage hysteresis, high rate capability and prolonged cycle life in both carbonate and ether electrolytes. Even at 5 mA cm^-2 and 5 mAh cm^-2, the Na||Cu half cells can stably cycle over 450 h in the ether electrolyte. Furthermore, a significantly improved cycling stability of the high loading Na||Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃@C (8.7 mg cm^-2) full cell is achieved in the carbonate electrolyte. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Product Details of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Product Details of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Aerobic oxyiodination of activated aromatics using HCl/NaNO₂/I₂ was written by Wang, Kaiyang;Wang, Xinliang;Zhang, Guofu;Liang, Xinmiao. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2009.HPLC of Formula: 75581-11-2 This article mentions the following:

Hydrochloric acid/NaNO₂, were the inexpensive and available catalyst system, which can be developed to cooperate exquisitely with I₂ in catalyzing the aerobic oxyiodination of arenes, aryl ethers and phenols to the corresponding aromatic iodides under mild conditions. Based on the systematic investigation of reaction conditions using anisole as model substrate, the optimal conditions showed that n(substrate):n(I₂):n(NaNO₂):n(HCl) = 1:0.515:0.05:0.1, while 1,2-dichlorethane (DCE) as solvent and O₂ as oxidant at 20°C. The newly developed catalyst system exhibited many advantages: 100% iodine atom economy, high efficiency, excellent selectivity and conversion and innocuous water as the only byproduct, environment-friendly and easily industrialized production Furthermore, the mechanism for the catalytic oxyiodination reaction was proposed in this paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2HPLC of Formula: 75581-11-2).

4-Iodo-1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene (cas: 75581-11-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 75581-11-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Characterization of the solid-electrolyte interphase between a Cu electrode and LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂-triglyme solvate ionic liquid was written by Serizawa, Nobuyuki;Kitta, Kazuki;Tachikawa, Naoki;Katayama, Yasushi. And the article was included in Journal of the Electrochemical Society in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a Cu electrode was investigated in 50.0-50.0 mol% lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA)-triglyme (G3, CH₃(OCH₂CH₂)₃OCH₃) solvate ionic liquid, [Li(G3)]TFSA, using electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS), XPS, and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR). The Li⁺ conductive SEI was formed on a Cu electrode by keeping the potential at 0 V vs. Li|Li(I). The resistance and capacitance attributable to the SEI changed over a period of 24 h in EIS spectra, suggesting the sluggish SEI formation on the Cu electrode in [Li(G3)]TFSA. XPS and FT-IR spectra indicated the existence of G3, TFSA^–, [Li(G3)]⁺, and/or their decomposition products in the SEI. In contrast, LiF was not found in the SEI, suggesting LiF was not formed by the cathodic decomposition of [Li(G3)]TFSA on the Cu electrode at 0 V. The whisker-like growth of Li on a Cu electrode was suppressed after the SEI formation at 0 V probably due to the formation of homogeneous and low-conductive SEI layer. The coulombic efficiency for deposition and dissolution of Li was improved with the SEI formation at 0 V prior to the measurements, suggesting the SEI on a Cu electrode affected the reversibility of the Li anode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. But ether is more polar than alkenes. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Millipedes vs. pathogens: Defensive secretions of some julids (Diplopoda: Julida) as potential antimicrobial agents was written by Ilic, Bojan;Dimkic, Ivica;Unkovic, Nikola;Grbic, Milica Ljaljevic;Vukojevic, Jelena;Vujisic, Ljubodrag;Tesevic, Vele;Stankovic, Slavisa;Makarov, Slobodan;Lucic, Luka. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Entomology in 2018.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

In the light of growing interest in discovering new sources of natural antimicrobial agents, we extracted and tested the efficiency of julid defensive secretions in comparison with com. used antibiotic and antimycotics. This work involved chem. characterization of the defensive secretions of Cylindroiulus boleti (C. L. Koch, 1847), Megaphyllum bosniense (Verhoeff, 1897) and M. unilineatum (C. L. Koch, 1838), as well as in vitro evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against 11 bacteria, one yeast and eight filamentous fungi. Compounds of the analyzed defensive secretions included p-benzoquinones, alkyl esters of fatty acids and ketones. Ketones were recorded for the first time in the order Julida, and they were detected in secretions of both Megaphyllum species. All three analyzed defensive secretions showed antibacterial and antifungal potential against all of the tested pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus proved to be the most sensitive bacterial strain to all analyzed secretions. Also, defensive secretion of M. unilineatum showed significant antibacterial potential against Bacillus subtilis. The most resistant bacterial strains in this study were Escherichia coli,Erwinia persicina and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Analyzed defensive secretions achieved the strongest antifungal activity against Aspergillus parasiticus (secretions of all three millipede species), Penicillium griseofulvum (secretions of C. boleti and M. bosniense) and Cladosporium oxysporum (secretion of M. unilineatum). The most resistant mycromycetes were A. niger (to all tested defensive secretions), A. flavus (to secretion of M. unilineatum) and P. lanosum (to secretions of C. boleti and M. bosniense). Our results showed a generally lower level of activity compared to antibiotic and a significantly higher level compared to antimycotics. The results of this study elucidate and open opportunities for further research in the field of millipede chem. ecol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling colourless liquids. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil.Safety of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Side-product in methylation of 2′,4”-O-bis (trimethylsilyl) erythromycin A 9-O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl) oxime was written by Liang, Jianhua;Yao, Guowei. And the article was included in Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi in 2006.Related Products of 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

A side-product of methylation was identified and the influence of the reaction condition on it was investigated. The side-product was E-2′-O-trimethylsilyl-6-O-methylerythromyein A 9-O-(1-isopropoxyeyelohexyl) oxime (1). Higher temperature, longer reaction time, the addition of triethylamine, and an excessive deproton reagent would lead to the increase of 1, whereas the order of adding methylating reagents followed by deproton reagents, an excessive methylating reagent, the mixture of tetrahydrofuran/dimethyl sulfoxide (THF/DMSO) and toluene/DMSO are detrimental to the production of 1. By optimizing the reaction condition, the yield of the methylation was 100.2% with 0.76% of 1. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2Related Products of 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Related Products of 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

(2-Piperidine)- and (2-pyrrolidine)ethanones and -ethanols as inhibitors of blood platelets aggregation was written by Grisar, J. Martin;Claxton, George P.;Stewart, Kenneth T.;MacKenzie, Robert D.;Kariya, Takashi. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1976.Quality Control of 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone This article mentions the following:

RMI 14133A [(E)-4-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1-(2-piperidinyl)-3-buten-2-one-HCl](I) [59999-96-1] inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of blood platelets. I was selected from a large series of (2-piperidinyl)- and (2-pyrrolidinyl)ethanones synthesized by a modified Schoepf reaction from enolate Mg salts of β-keto acids and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine trimer [27879-53-4] or 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole trimer [54564-48-6], resp. Subacute toxicity evaluation in dogs and guinea pigs showed I to have an unfavorable therapeutic ratio. RMI 12436A [1-[4′-chloro(1,1′-biphenyl)-4-yl]-2-(2-piperidinyl)ethanone-HCl](II) [54916-69-7] lowered serum cholesterol [57-88-5] levels in rats with concurrent accumulation of (3β)-cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol [434-16-2], suggesting inhibition of 7-dehydrocholesterol Δ7-reductase [9080-21-1]. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8Quality Control of 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone).

1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone (cas: 54916-28-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Quality Control of 1-(4-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl)ethanone

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Non-adsorbing small molecules as auxiliary dispersants for polycarboxylate superplasticizers was written by Ilg, Manuel;Plank, Johann. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2020.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The dispersing ability of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) can be ascribed to the electrostatic and steric stabilization of cement suspensions. For this purpose, PCEs need to adsorb on the cement particle surface to become effective at all. In this study, it is demonstrated that at low water to cement ratios ≤ 0.30, even non-ionic mols. like diethylene glycol or 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol which do not adsorb on cement, but remain dissolved in the interstitial pore solution, can greatly enhance cement dispersion when combined with PCEs such as conventional methacrylate ester based comb co-polymers. Their effect as co-dispersant is particularly pronounced for PCEs possessing a low side chain d. and long side chain length. Relative to the co-dispersants it was found that especially non-polar small mols. like neopentyl glycol greatly enhance the paste fluidity. These mols. significantly reduce the surface tension of the pore solution and thus increase the wettability of cement. Based on results from spread flow tests, adsorption measurements and pendant drop tensiometry it is concluded that in cementitious systems formulated at low w/c ratios, non-adsorbing mols. with a mol. weight of ≤ 1000 g/mol induce repulsive depletion forces which prevent cement particles from agglomeration. This way, such small mols. act as auxiliary or co-dispersant when combined with PCEs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Category: ethers-buliding-blocks).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Category: ethers-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Unravelling Some of the Key Transformations in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin was written by Lui, Matthew Y.;Chan, Bun;Yuen, Alexander K. L.;Masters, Anthony F.;Montoya, Alejandro;Maschmeyer, Thomas. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2017.Related Products of 6972-61-8 This article mentions the following:

Using both exptl. and computational methods, focusing on intermediates and model compounds, some of the main features of the reaction mechanisms that operate during the hydrothermal processing of lignin were elucidated. Key reaction pathways and their connection to different structural features of lignin were proposed. Under neutral conditions, subcritical water was demonstrated to act as a bifunctional acid/base catalyst for the dissection of lignin structures. In a complex web of mutually dependent interactions, guaiacyl units within lignin were shown to significantly affect overall lignin reactivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Related Products of 6972-61-8).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Related Products of 6972-61-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem