Month: December 2022

Correlation of the empirical polarity parameters of solvate ionic liquids (SILs) with molecular structure was written by Potangale, Mangesh;Tiwari, Shraeddha. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2020.Application of 112-49-2 This article mentions the following:

Empirical polarity parameters for 10 solvate ionic liquids (SILs) have been determined using Catalans probes. The solvation environment surrounding the probe mols. in the SILs is dependent on the mutual interactions between the cation, anion and chelating ligand, leading to characteristic values of the polarity parameters. The acidity of the SILs is comparable to the acidity of polar protic solvents, which is attributed to the ability of the Li cation to interact with the probe in a manner similar to H-bond donor. The choice of anion influenced the measured acidity of SILs by determining the extent of cation-probe interactions possible. The basicity showed a strong correlation with the nature of the anion but was also influenced by the extent of cation-anion interaction and choice of ligand. Temperature dependence of polarity parameters in SILs is relatively small, but shows some interesting trends. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2Application of 112-49-2).

2,5,8,11-Tetraoxadodecane (cas: 112-49-2) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. But on the other hand, ethers undergo cleavage by reaction with acids. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application of 112-49-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Multigram preparation of 1,8-diethyl-7-hydroxy-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid, a phenolic metabolite of the analgesic and antiinflammatory agent etodolac was written by Soll, Richard M.;Guinosso, Charles;Asselin, Andre. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1988.Name: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide This article mentions the following:

The title compound (I; R = OH), a phenolic human metabolite of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent etodolac (I; R = H), was prepared in 13 steps from 3-MeOC₆H₄NHCOCMe₃. The key step involves condensation of LiCH₂CO₂CMe₃ with isatin II to give 77% indoleacetate III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3Name: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide).

N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide (cas: 56619-93-3) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Name: N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)pivalamide

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Chemical Defense in Millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda): Do Representatives of the Family Blaniulidae Belong to the ‘Quinone’ Clade? was written by Vujisic, Ljubodrag V.;Antic, Dragan Z.;Vuckovic, Ivan M.;Sekulic, Tatjana Lj.;Tomic, Vladimir T.;Mandic, Boris M.;Tesevic, Vele V.;Curcic, Bozidar P. M.;Vajs, Vlatka E.;Makarov, Slobodan E.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2014.Name: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione This article mentions the following:

The defensive secretions of 2 blaniulid millipedes, Nopoiulus kochii and Cibiniulus phlepsii, were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, which showed the presence of a complex mixture of benzoquinones, hydroquinones, and oleates. Altogether, 13 compounds were identified. The major compound in the secretions of both analyzed species was 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (toluquinone). The 2nd major constituent in the N. kochii secretion was 2-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenol, while in that of C. phlepsii, it was 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The defensive secretion of N. kochii also showed a high content of hydroquinones (13.5%) in comparison to that of C. phlepsii (0.8%). Hexyl oleate and octyl oleate were detected for the 1st time in defensive millipede fluids. The chem. composition of the defensive secretions supports the chemotaxonomic position of the family Blaniulidae in the quinone millipede clade. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7Name: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione).

2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (cas: 605-94-7) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.Name: 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Study on reactivity of etherification protection for hydroxyl in erythromycin oxime was written by Liang, Jian-hua;Sun, Jing-guo;Deng, Zhi-hua;Yao, Guo-wei. And the article was included in Jingxi Huagong in 2003.HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2 This article mentions the following:

Two kinds of etherification reagents, dialkyloxycyclohexanes ( II ) (1,1-dimethoxycyclohexane II a, 1,1-diethoxycyclohexane II b and 1,1-diisopropoxycyclohexane II c) and alkyloxycyclohexenes ( III ) (1-methoxycyclohexene III a, 1-ethoxycyclohexene III b and 1-isopropoxycyclohexene IIIc) were applied to the etherification protection of hydroxyl at the oxime group of erythromycin oxime ( I ). Exptl. results showed that the order of reactivity was IIc > IIb > IIa , IIIc > IIIb > IIIa, and IIIa > IIa, IIIb > IIb, IIIc > IIc. IIIc and IIIb have promising prospect for industrial application as compared with IIc which is used at present. Also the optimum conditions were given as follows: dichloromethane as solvent, n (pyridine hydrochloride)/n ( I ) = 1.5 – 2, n(II or III)/n ( I ) = 2 – 3, room temperature In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2).

1,1-Diisopropoxycyclohexane (cas: 1132-95-2) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).HPLC of Formula: 1132-95-2

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

A novel cyanoacrylate-based matrix excipient in HPMCP capsules forms a sustained intestinal delivery system for orally administered drugs with enhanced absorption efficiency was written by Song, Liya;Chen, Pengfei;Yu, Jin;Han, Xiaolu;Hua, Yabing;Liu, Shan;Pang, Bo;Gao, Jing;Ma, Jiahua;Xu, Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Materials Chemistry B: Materials for Biology and Medicine in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Patients prefer oral drug delivery due to its convenience and noninvasiveness. Nevertheless, a multitude of potentially clin. important drugs will not reach the market or achieve their full potential, due to their low bioavailability and instability in gastric acid. In this study, a novel oral drug delivery system based on poly-cyanoacrylate [a polymer of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate (MECA)] and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) was developed and shown to permit intestinal targeting and sustained drug release. Aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)] was selected as a model drug for atherosclerosis treatment. It was phys. dissolved in liquid MECA, and the ASA-MECA matrix was then polymerized into a solid drug-loading depot in an HPMCP shell. The delivery of the drug depot in the intestine was achieved with the HPMCP shell; then the polymerized MECA (polyMECA) provided sustained drug release. The polyMECA excipient was not absorbed by the intestine due to its high mol. weight; a fluorescein-labeled assay indicated that it was excreted completely in feces after drug release. The formulation, ASA-polyMECA-HPMCP, showed good intestinal targeting and sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that this formulation improved the bioavailability of ASA relative to com. available controls. ASA-polyMECA-HPMCP showed desirable anti-atherosclerosis efficacy in a rabbit model, with significant enhancement of atheromatous lesion stability. Biosafety tests proved the low toxicity of ASA-polyMECA-HPMCP and the polyMECA matrix. We believe that this work has provided a practical and biocompatible system for sustained intestinal drug delivery that can be applied broadly with various drugs for specific therapeutic aims. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol).

2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol (cas: 111-77-3) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Electron-deficient reagents are also stabilized by ethers. For example, borane (BH3) is a useful reagent for making alcohols. Pure borane exists as its dimer, diborane (B2H6), a toxic gas that is inconvenient and hazardous to use. Borane forms stable complexes with ethers, however, and it is often supplied and used as its liquid complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF).Quality Control of 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Highly selective detection of Hg²⁺ ion by push-pull-type purine nucleoside-based fluorescent sensor was written by Gao, Shao-Hua;Xie, Ming-Sheng;Wang, Hai-Xia;Niu, Hong-Ying;Qu, Gui-Rong;Guo, Hai-Ming. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2014.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3 This article mentions the following:

Highly selective detection of Hg²⁺ ion was achieved using the push-pull-type purine nucleoside-based fluorescent sensor L1. The sensor L1 incorporating aza-18-crown-6 at C6 position of purine nucleoside, is highly sensitive and selective toward Hg²⁺ ion in CH₃CN-H₂O mixture (92/8, volume/volume). The detection limit for the fluorescent sensor L1 toward Hg²⁺ ion is 7.8 × 10^-8. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. The oxygen atom in ethers are more electronegative than carbon, thus the hydrogens which are alpha to the ethers are more acidic than the simple hydrocarbons. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Recommanded Product: 66943-05-3

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Enamines. Part III. A new synthesis of substituted 2-arylisatogens and o-nitrophenyl benzyl ketones was written by Bhamare, N. K.;Kamath, H. V.;Kulkarni, Sheshgiri N.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 1986.Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8 This article mentions the following:

The (nitrobenzoyl)morpholinostyrenes I [R, R₁, R² = 4-NO₂, H, H; 4-NO₂, H, 5-MeO; 2-NO₂, 5-MeO, H; 4-NO₂, H, 4,5-(MeO)₂], prepared from the corresponding morpholinostyrene and o-nitrobenzoyl chloride, were hydrolyzed to give the o-nitrophenyl benzyl ketones II. I and II underwent cyclodehydration with AcONa/EtOH to give the isatogens III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8).

3-Methyl-4-nitroanisole (cas: 5367-32-8) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. The unique properties of ethers (i.e., that they are strongly polar, with nonbonding electron pairs but no hydroxyl group) enhance the formation and use of many reagents. For example, Grignard reagents cannot form unless an ether is present to share its lone pair of electrons with the magnesium atom. Complexation of the magnesium atom stabilizes the Grignard reagent and helps to keep it in solution.Recommanded Product: 5367-32-8

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Thermodynamic Studies of Cation-Macrocycle Interactions in Nickel Pincer-Crown Ether Complexes Enable Switchable Ligation was written by Smith, Jacob B.;Kerr, Stewart H.;White, Peter S.;Miller, Alexander J. M.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2017.Computed Properties of C10H21NO4 This article mentions the following:

The thermochem. of cation-macrocycle interactions in Ni pincer complexes bearing hemilabile aza-15-crown-5 or aza-18-crown-6 macrocycles was studied and applied to cation-controlled reversible ligand binding. Cation-crown interactions were examined in a noncoordinating, low polarity solvent (CH₂Cl₂) and a coordinating, polar solvent (acetonitrile). Structural studies provide solid-state information on cation-crown interactions, while binding affinity studies in solution provide quant. thermodn. information. The different hemilabile ligand coordination modes have vastly different cation binding affinities, with the tridentate pincer coordination mode binding cations >100,000 times more strongly than the tetradentate coordination mode with a crown ether O donating to Ni. CH₂Cl₂ enforces strong cation-crown interactions without disrupting the hemilabile ether ligand, whereas MeCN disrupts hemilability by displacing the ethers from the Ni center and supports weaker cation-crown interactions. In CH₂Cl₂, Li binding provides at least 7 kcal mol^-1 of stabilization to assist in ligand binding, and the extent of stabilization can be tuned by the choice of cation. The newfound thermodn. insight guided the development of in situ switchable ligand binding and release at Ni using cations. The Ni complex only binds pentafluorophenylnitrile upon addition of Li⁺ salts in CH₂Cl₂, and the nitrile ligand is readily released upon sequestration of the Li⁺ with 12-crown-4. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3Computed Properties of C10H21NO4).

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa-13-azacyclopentadecane (cas: 66943-05-3) belongs to ethers. Ether is less polar than esters, alcohols or amines because of the oxygen atom that is unable to participate in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of bulky alkyl groups on both sides of the oxygen atom. Ethers can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules (alcohols, amines, etc.) that have O―H or N―H bonds. The ability to form hydrogen bonds with other compounds makes ethers particularly good solvents for a wide variety of organic compounds and a surprisingly large number of inorganic compounds.Computed Properties of C10H21NO4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Determination of fatty acids and volatile compounds in fruits of rosehip (Rosa L.) species by HS-SPME/GC-MS and Im-SPME/GC-MS techniques was written by Murathan, Zehra Tugba;Zarifikhosroshahi, Mozhgan;Kafkas, Nesibe Ebru. And the article was included in Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry in 2016.COA of Formula: C11H12O4 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we aimed to compare fatty acid and volatile compound compositions of four rosehip species, namely Rosa pimpinellifolia, R. villosa, R. canina, and R. dumalis, by gas chromatog. with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and headspace and immersion solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS and Im-SPME/GC-MS) techniques. The total lipid contents in fruits of the rosehip species varied from 5.83% (R. villosa) to 7.84% (R. dumalis). A total of 21 fatty acids were detected and quantified. In all species, except R. canina, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) predominated over saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Palmitic acid is the major SFA in R. villosa (5.50%), R. canina (8.27%), and R. dumalis (7.46%). Oleic acid is the most abundant MUFA, and linoleic and a-linolenic acids are the most abundant PUFAs. Sixtytwo volatile compounds were detected by the HS-SPME/GC-MS technique, and 54 volatile compounds were determined by the Im- SPME/GC-MS technique. Fifty-three volatile components of rosehips have been detected for the first time in this study. While 19 acids, 9 aldehydes, 6 ketones, 18 alcs., 5 esters, 2 terpenes, and 2 phenols were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS, 20 acids, 5 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 13 alcs., 5 esters, 1 terpene, and 2 phenols were identified by Im-SPME/GC-MS. The HS-SPME/GC-MS technique allowed identification of a larger number of volatile compounds and thus is more efficient than the Im-SPME/GC-MS technique. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8COA of Formula: C11H12O4).

3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Of all the functional groups, ethers are the least reactive ones. Ether bonds are quite stable towards bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides.COA of Formula: C11H12O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Catalyst-Free Photoredox Addition-Cyclisations: Exploitation of Natural Synergy between Aryl Acetic Acids and Maleimide was written by Manley, David W.;Mills, Andrew;O’Rourke, Christopher;Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.;Walton, John C.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2014.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Suitably functionalized carboxylic acids undergo a previously unknown photoredox reaction when irradiated with UVA in the presence of maleimide. Maleimide was found to synergistically act as a radical generating photoxidant and as a radical acceptor, negating the need for an extrinsic photoredox catalyst. Modest to excellent yields of the product chromenopyrroledione, thiochromenopyrroledione and pyrroloquinolinedione derivatives were obtained in thirteen preparative photolyses. In situ NMR spectroscopy was used to study each reaction. Reactant decay and product build-up were monitored, enabling reaction profiles to be plotted. A plausible mechanism, whereby photo-excited maleimide acts as an oxidant to generate a radical ion pair, has been postulated and is supported by UV/Vis. spectroscopy and DFT computations. The radical-cation reactive intermediates were also characterized in solution by EPR spectroscopy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4Synthetic Route of C9H10O4).

2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)acetic acid (cas: 1877-75-4) belongs to ethers. Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally less dense, are less soluble in water, and have lower boiling points. They are relatively unreactive, and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oils, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums, and hydrocarbons. Vapours of certain ethers are used as insecticides, miticides, and fumigants for soil. Ethyl ether is an excellent solvent for extractions and for a wide variety of chemical reactions. It is also used as a volatile starting fluid for diesel engines and gasoline engines in cold weather. Dimethyl ether is used as a spray propellant and refrigerant. Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust. The ethers of ethylene glycol are used as solvents and plasticizers.Synthetic Route of C9H10O4

Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem