Hydrothermal carbonization as a sustainable strategy for integral valorisation of apple waste was written by Suarez, Loreto;Benavente-Ferraces, Iria;Plaza, Cesar;de Pascual-Teresa, Sonia;Suarez-Ruiz, Isabel;Centeno, Teresa A.. And the article was included in Bioresource Technology in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid This article mentions the following:
Hydrothermal carbonization makes feasible the integral and profitable recovery of industrial apple waste within a zero-residue bio-economy. 82-96% of the energy and 80-93% of the C in the apple bagasse are retained in the solids generated by hydrothermal treatment at 180 and 230°C for 2 and 4 h. Such processes stabilize the apple waste and lead to CO2 neutral solid fuels with calorific value close to 30 MJ/kg. The agrochem. properties of the solid byproducts suggest their potential to improve soil quality. Aqueous streams containing valuable phenolic compounds and saturated fatty acids are generated simultaneously, which provide addnl. cost-effectiveness. The byproducts characteristics can be suited to the final application by selecting the reaction temperature, whereas the process duration has less impact. Optical microscopy and reflectance measurements are presented, for the first time, as powerful tools for assessing the biomass transformation when subjected to hydrothermal treatment under different conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid).
3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (cas: 6972-61-8) belongs to ethers. Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very reactive. Most ethers can be cleaved, however, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give alkyl bromides or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give alkyl iodides. Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is similar. In the language of valence bond theory, the hybridization at oxygen is sp3.Application In Synthesis of 3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem