Antioxidant Additives Produced from Argan Shell Lignin Depolymerization was written by Afailal, Zainab;Gil-Lalaguna, Noemi;Torrijos, Maria Teresa;Gonzalo, Alberto;Arauzo, Jesus;Sanchez, Jose Luis. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2021.Formula: C9H12O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The present work summarizes the results of an exptl. study focused on producing antioxidant additives for biofuels from argan shell lignin. The generation of this waste has noticeably increased in specific regions of Morocco as a result of the upward trend in the production of argan oil. Lignin extracted from argan shells via a semi-chem. pulping process was depolymerized under hydrothermal conditions in a stirred autoclave reactor at a temperature range of 250-350°C. Lignin conversion to phenolic compounds was conducted in subcritical water together with different reaction medium (H2, CO2, and HCOOH). The organic fraction in the aqueous liquid product was extracted and blended with biodiesel at a dosage of 1 wt % to evaluate its antioxidant potential. According to the obtained results, the biodiesel oxidation stability time was drastically improved up to 400%. The depolymerization temperature was observed as a critical factor in the antioxidant potential of the additives, showing a maximum value at 300°C, regardless of the reaction medium. An extensive characterization of the produced additives was performed. The phenolic monomers present in the produced additives were identified using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, finding a notable presence of catechol, especially in the additives obtained at 300°C, which led to the best results of biodiesel oxidation stability. Gel permeation chromatog. analyses of the additives also showed a well dissolution of relatively big mols. (up to 7000 Da) in biodiesel. More efforts are required to verify the actual antioxidant potential of these types of mols. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1Formula: C9H12O3).
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethanol (cas: 2380-78-1) belongs to ethers. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H12O3
Referemce:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem