Month: April 2022

Application In Synthesis of 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2O, CAS is 56621-48-8, about Studies on the Human Metabolism and the Toxicologic Detection of the Cough Suppressant Dropropizine in Urine Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Author is Staack, Roland F.; Theobald, Denis S.; Maurer, Hans H..

Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicol. anal. of the nonopioid cough suppressant dropropizine [R,S-3-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)1,2-propandiol, DRO] in human urine using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The metabolism studies showed that DRO was metabolized in humans mainly by hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, by N-dealkylation of the parent drug and of the hydroxyl-metabolite to the corresponding N-phenylpiperazines, and by degradation of the piperazine moiety. The authors’ systematic toxicol. anal. (STA) procedure using full-scan GC-MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the unambiguous detection of DRO and its above-mentioned metabolites in human urine up to about 32 h after intake of a single common therapeutic dose. The target analytes were found to be the parent compound DRO (earlier phase of excretion) and the hydroxylated metabolite para-hydroxy-DRO (later phase of excretion). Both allowed unambiguous detection of an intake of DRO and also differentiation from other phenylpiperazine derivatives

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole, is researched, Molecular C17H19N3O2S, CAS is 73590-85-9, about Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenase-Mediated Synthesis of Esomeprazole As an Alternative for Kagan Sulfoxidation. Author is Bong, Yong Koy; Song, Shiwei; Nazor, Jovana; Vogel, Michael; Widegren, Magnus; Smith, Derek; Collier, Steven J.; Wilson, Rob; Palanivel, S. M.; Narayanaswamy, Karthik; Mijts, Ben; Clay, Michael D.; Fong, Ryan; Colbeck, Jeff; Appaswami, Amritha; Muley, Sheela; Zhu, Jun; Zhang, Xiyun; Liang, Jack; Entwistle, David.

A wild-type Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase was engineered to overcome numerous liabilities to mediate a com. oxidation of pyrmetazole to esomeprazole, using air as the terminal oxidant in an almost exclusively aqueous reaction matrix. The developed enzyme and process compares favorably to the incumbent Kagan inspired chemocatalytic oxidation, as esomeprazole was isolated in 87% yield, in >99% purity, with an enantiomeric excess of >99%.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol(SMILESS: OC1=CC=C(N2CCNCC2)C=C1,cas:56621-48-8) is researched.Quality Control of Trimethylphosphineoxide. The article 《Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 1-[3-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives with anti-arrhythmic, hypotensive, and α-adrenolytic activity》 in relation to this compound, is published in Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim, Germany). Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:56621-48-8).

A series of novel arylpiperazines bearing a pyrrolidin-2-one fragment was synthesized and evaluated for the binding affinity of the α1- and α2-adrenoceptors (AR) and for the antiarrhythmic and hypotensive activities of the compounds The most potent and selective compound 1-[2-hydroxy-3-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl]pyrrolidin-2-one 8 binds with pKi = 6.71 for α1-AR. Derivative 8 (I) was also the most active in the prophylactic antiarrhythmic test in adrenaline-induced arrhythmia in anesthetized rats. Its ED50 value equals 1.9 mg/kg (i.v.). Compounds with substituents such as a fluorine atom 4, a Me 5, or a hydroxyl 8 group, or two substituents such as fluorine/chlorine atoms and methoxy groups in the Ph ring, significantly decreased the systolic and diastolic pressure in normotensive anesthetized rats at a dosages of 5-10 mg/kg (i.v.). It was found that the presence of the piperazine ring and a hydroxy group in the second position of the Pr chain are critical structural features in determining the affinity of the compounds tested.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Pharmaceutical Research called Structure-Function Analysis of Phenylpiperazine Derivatives as Intestinal Permeation Enhancers, Author is Fein, Katherine C.; Lamson, Nicholas G.; Whitehead, Kathryn A., which mentions a compound: 56621-48-8, SMILESS is OC1=CC=C(N2CCNCC2)C=C1, Molecular C10H14N2O, Formula: C10H14N2O.

Purpose: A major obstacle preventing oral administration of macromol. therapeutics is poor absorption across the intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream. One strategy to improve transport across this barrier is the use of chem. permeation enhancers. Several mol. families with permeation enhancing potential have been identified previously, including piperazines. In particular, 1-phenylpiperazine has been shown to enhance transepithelial transport with minimal cytotoxicity compared to similarly effective mols. To better understand how the chem. of 1-phenylpiperazine affects its utility as an intestinal permeation enhancer, this study examined a small library of 13 derivatives of 1-phenylpiperazine. Methods: The efficacy and cytotoxicity of 13 phenylpiperazine compounds were assessed in a Caco-2 model of the intestinal epithelium. Efficacy was measured using the paracellular diffusion marker calcein as well as by immunostaining and confocal imaging of Caco-2 monolayers. Results: Of the 13 derivatives, two enhanced the permeability of the fluorescent marker calcein over 100-fold. It was found that hydroxyl or primary amine substitutions on the Ph ring significantly increased toxicity, while aliphatic substitutions resulted in efficacy and toxicity profiles comparable to 1-phenylpiperazine. Conclusions: Several potent derivatives, including 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperazine and 1-(4-methylphenyl)piperazine, displayed lower toxicity than 1-phenylpiperazine, suggesting promise in future applications.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Quality Control of 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2O, CAS is 56621-48-8, about Platinum(II) dithiocarbamate complexes [Pt(S2CNR2)Cl(PAr3)] as anticancer and DNA-damaging agents. Author is Kashif Amir, Muhammad; Hogarth, Graeme; Khan, Zaibunisa; Imran, Muhammad; Zia-ur-Rehman.

Following the fortunate discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer drug the search for new effective Pt-containing analogs with high potency but reduced side effects and resistance is of great importance. Herein, we report four new monofunctional platinum(II) dithiocarbamate complexes, [Pt(S2CNR2)Cl(PAr3)], and their activity against selected cancer cell lines. DFT-optimized structures reveal steric hindrance, similar to phenanthriplatin, from an axial C-H site of the triarylphosphine. High activity against selected cancer cell lines, MCF-7 > LU > Hepa-IcIc7, can be attributed to the axial protection offered by the aromatic C-H moiety, together with the lipophilicity and formation of bulkier and more hydrophobic DNA adducts. DNA binding, denaturing and plasmid cleavage studies demonstrate their potential to cleave DNA via electrostatic or covalent interactions. DFT and exptl. studies show the ability to replace chloride with different nucleophiles; substitution with smaller nucleophiles being fast while with larger nucleophiles is slow.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

Gerbal-Chaloin, Sabine; Pichard-Garcia, Lydiane; Fabre, Jean-Michel; Sa-Cunha, Antonio; Poellinger, Lorenz; Maurel, Patrick; Daujat-Chavanieu, Martine published the article 《Role of CYP3A4 in the regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by omeprazole sulphide》. Keywords: CYP3A4 gene aryl hydrocarbon receptor omeprazole sulfide.They researched the compound: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole( cas:73590-85-9 ).Formula: C17H19N3O2S. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:73590-85-9) here.

Cross-talk between nuclear receptors involved in the control of drug metabolism is being increasingly recognized as a source of drug side effects. Omeprazole is a well known activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We investigated the regulation of AhR by omeprazole-sulfide, a degradation metabolite of omeprazole, using CYP1A mRNA induction, reporter gene assay, receptor DNA binding, ligand binding, nuclear translocation, trypsin digests, and drug metabolism anal. in mouse Hepa-1c1c7, human HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. Omeprazole-sulfide is a pure antagonist of AhR in Hepa-1c1c7 and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines. In Hepa-1c1c7 cells, omeprazole-sulfide is a ligand of AhR, inhibits AhR activation to a DNA-binding form, induces a specific pattern of AhR trypsin digestion and inhibits AhR nuclear translocation and subsequent degradation in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. However, in highly differentiated primary human hepatocytes treated with rifampicin an agonist of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), omeprazole-sulfide behaves as an agonist of AhR. Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes by ketoconazole restores the antagonist effect of omeprazole-sulfide. Metabolic LC/MS anal. reveals that omeprazole-sulfide (AhR antagonist) is efficiently converted to omeprazole (AhR activator) by cytochrome P 450 CYP3A4, a target gene of PXR, in primary human hepatocytes but not in hepatoma cells in which PXR is not expressed. This report provides the first evidence for a cross-talk between PXR/CYP3A4 and AhR. In addition, it clearly shows that conclusions drawn from experiments carried out in cell lines may lead to erroneous in vivo predictions in man.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Simultaneous determination of omeprazole and their main metabolites in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection, published in 2014-04-15, which mentions a compound: 73590-85-9, Name is 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole, Molecular C17H19N3O2S, Computed Properties of C17H19N3O2S.

The authors report a novel method for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole and their main metabolites (omeprazole sulfide, omeprazole sulfone and 5-hydroxy omeprazole) in human urine samples. For this purpose, two new capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of target compounds, using initially diode-array for optical detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for metabolites identification and identity confirmation. A new metabolite (5-hydroxysulfide omeprazole) was identified by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS2) fragment which was then used to support the proposed chem. structure. Pharmacokinetic results using CE method were compared with those obtained when a HPLC method was used. Equivalent pharmacokinetics profiles resulted when any anal. methods were carried out.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Efficient factors on the hydrolysis reaction rate of some para-aminophenol derivatives in acidic pHs, published in 2013, which mentions a compound: 56621-48-8, Name is 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol, Molecular C10H14N2O, Computed Properties of C10H14N2O.

Electrochem. oxidation of some p-aminophenol derivatives (1-5) in acidic solutions was studied both exptl. and theor. to provide insight into the influence of some factors on the hydrolysis reaction rate. The result of this work shows that the electrogenerated p-quinoneimines participate in the hydrolysis reaction and are converted to the p-benzoquinone. The hydrolysis reaction rate strongly depends on the structure of the p-aminophenols and solution’s pH. The observed homogeneous rate constants of hydrolysis (kobshyd) of p-quinoneimines were determined using digital simulation technique. The effect of different parameters such as: change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) of the electrochem. oxidation of para-aminophenol derivatives (1-5), charge of reaction site, N-C4 bond order (Wiberg Bond Indexes, WBIs) and the nature of substituted group, on the hydrolysis rate constant were also studied. All calculations were performed using D. Functional Theory (DFT) both BP86 and B3LYP levels of theory and 6-311G (p,d) basis set. The N-C4 bond order and charge on the reaction site play significant roles in hydrolysis reaction’s rate.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridyl)methyl]thio]benzimidazole, is researched, Molecular C17H19N3O2S, CAS is 73590-85-9, about Omeprazole determination using HPLC with coulometric detection, the main research direction is omeprazole determination HPLC; liquid chromatog determination omeprazole.Formula: C17H19N3O2S.

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatog. (HPLC) method for the determination of omeprazole and three related benzimidazoles is reported. Coulometric detection was carried out at +800 mV using a porous carbon electrode. The linear range is 0.01-10 μg/mL. The method has a high degree of precision; the relative standard deviation of omeprazole at a concentration of 1.06 μg/mL was 0.7% (n=4). The cyclic voltammogram of omeprazole is consistent with the hydrodynamic voltammogram exhibiting a single major irreversible oxidative wave with a peak potential at +1105 mV. The response factors for the four compounds are similar indicating that the oxidative process does not involve the sulfur moiety exclusively. The data are most consistent with oxidation primarily of the benzimidazole groups. The method was applied successfully to the determination of omeprazole in a paste formulation.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2O, CAS is 56621-48-8, about Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic behaviours of peripheral and non-peripheral tetra-[4-(4-octylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy] substituted zinc(II), cobalt(II), copper(II) and indium(III) phthalocyanines, the main research direction is transition metal indium phthalocyanine complex preparation photovoltage; heterojunction solar cell transition metal indium phthalocyanine complex; elec potential relationship transition metal indium phthalocyanine complex.Related Products of 56621-48-8.

The synthesis of zinc(II), cobalt(II), copper(II) and indium(III)(OAc) phthalocyanines carrying four 4-(4-octylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy moieties in peripheral/non-peripheral positions were performed by the cyclotetramerization of compounds 4-[4-(4-octylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile or 3-[4-(4-octylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]phthalonitrile with resp. metal salts. The novel phthalonitriles and phthalocyanines were characterized by elemental and spectroscopic anal., including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV-visible spectral and MALDI-TOF mass data. To clarify the influence of the position of substituent group and the variety of the central metal atom on the photovoltaic performance, bulk heterojunction devices by using phthalocyanines with different blend ratio, as donor was fabricated and characterized.

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Reference:
Ether – Wikipedia,
Ether | (C2H5)2O – PubChem