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Pharmacological activity and flavonoids constituents of Artemisia judaica L aerial parts
Ethno-pharmacological relevance: Artemisia judaica L is an aromatic medicinal plant growing widely in Saint Katherine, Sinai, Egypt, and used in traditional medicine as a herbal remedy for antibacterial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, other Arabic regions commonly used it in their folk medicines for the treatment of fungal infections, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and inflammatory-related diseases. Aim of the study: Based on the traditional medicinal uses of A. judaica, the present study was designed to validate some of the traditional uses as the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of A. judaica aerial parts as well as isolation and identification of its flavonoid content. Materials and methods: AME of A. judaica aerial parts was fractionated using column chromatography and the structures of the isolated compounds were established using different spectroscopic data. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing in mice; antipyretic activity was assessed using yeast suspension-induced hyperthermia in rats; anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema; the hepatoprotective effect was studied by measuring liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity rats while antidiabetic activity was estimated in alloxan hyperglycemia. Results: Eight flavone compounds namely luteolin 4′ methyl ether 7-O-beta-D-C-4(1)-glucopyranoside (1), 8-methoxyapigenin 7-O-beta-D-C-4(1)-galactopyranoside (2), isovitexin (3), 8 methoxyluteolin 7-O-beta-D-C-4(1)-glucopyranoside (4), diosmetin (5), cirsimaritin (6), luteolin (7), and apigenin (8) were identified from AME of A. judaica. The AME was found to be non-toxic to mice up to 5 g/kg b.w. Moreover, it exhibits significant analgesic antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The AME was nontoxic; it exhibits significant analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the isolated flavone was identified from AME for the first time.
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